Employmentweb_low

EmploymEnT, woRk, and hEalTh inEqualiTiEs - a global perspective
Independent syndicates of russia (fnpr), with about 28 million
affiliates. one of its unusual characteristics is that, in a holdover
from the soviet tradition, the federation's membership includes a
hierarchy of personnel from state-run companies. Because of this,
many of the labour complaints translate into inter-union conflicts
that are hard to resolve. There are also self-appointed "free"
syndicates, which do not follow the guidelines of the fnpr. a group
of leninist union workers created the Work protection (ZT) union in
1990, which has gained some influence in the country. although the
right to strike exists, it is restricted in some strategic areas such as
energy and basic services. several industries even establish
mandatory agreement mechanisms, which in actuality render
workers' most forceful measures illegal (ohtsu, 2001).
The disintegration of the soviet union brought down an entire
system for labour health and safety. The responsibility for work
inspection passed from labour unions to the government. Companies
and factories no longer fill the role of social protector. There is no
longer any protection against work-related diseases and accidents. In
the last couple of years the state has tried to focus on public prevention
policies to improve the health of workers, and there has been a
considerable change in russian legislation related to health and safety.
In particular, sanitary standards have tightened, as have standards for
professional safety regimes, industrial safety, and workforce
protection. Work protection field specialists now have more authority
to investigate accidents and monitor safety measures. The russian
federation also applies the norms and directives established by the
food and agriculture organization (fao), Ilo and the International
organization for migration (Iom) now.
The russian federation is adopting measures against forced labour,
incorporating an article in its penal code relative to the trade of human
beings and slave labour. In the international sphere, it has become an active
member of the united nations Convention against Transnational organized
Crime, which seeks to convince national governments to adopt laws and
programs that combat the trade of human beings and slavery.
argentina - marcelo amable
argentina belongs to the emerging labour institutions cluster within the
category of semi-periphery countries. argentina is a federal republic with
24 provincial governments and 2,247 local governments, whose authorities
are democratically elected. The country has a population of approximately
40 million inhabitants, the great majority of whom (89%) live in urban areas,
particularly in the Buenos aires area (48%). one tenth of the population is
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