Employmentweb_low

EmploymEnt, work, and hEalth inEqualitiEs - A globAl peRSpeCTIve
speaking then, passive policies correspond to social transfers that are not
conditional upon joining a training or work programme, although they usually
include job search provisions that are increasingly enforced and which correspond
to an active element in passive policies. in contrast, active policies are contingent
upon participation in such programs in order to enhance labour market
(re)integration. typical passive programs are unemployment insurance and
assistance and early retirement. typical active measures are labour market
training, job creation in the form of public and community work programs,
programs to promote enterprise creation, and hiring subsidies. Active policies are
usually targeted at specific groups facing particular difficulties with respect to
labour market integration. these groups include younger and older people, women,
and particularly hard-to- place individuals such as the disabled. in part, Almps are
an answer to the criticism that pure income replacement policies might entail
disincentives to work once unemployment is of longer duration.
Reference
International labour organization. (2003). Active labour market policies. Retrieved May 27, 2009, from
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb288/pdf/esp-2.pdf
non-standard work contract. A non-standard work contract is defined relative
to an employment standard. standards are usually set nationally and define what it
means to be in full-time, year-round, permanent employment with benefits. nonstandard
employment fails to meet standards along any of these dimensions.
examples of non-standard employment are any part-time, seasonal, home-based,
contingent or informal work. nonstandard work is typically characterised by
reduced job security, lower compensation and impaired working conditions
(Benach, muntaner, Benavides, Amable, & Jódar, 2002).
in: Hadden, w. c., muntaner, c., Benach, J., Gimeno, d., & Benavides, F.
G. (2007). A glossary for the social epidemiology of work organisation: part
3. terms from the sociology of labour markets. Journal of Epidemiology and
Community Health, 61, 6-8.
Reference
benach, J., Muntaner, C., benavides, F. g., Amable, M., & Jódar, p. (2002). A new occupational
health agenda for a new work environment. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment
and Health, 28, 191-196.
outsourcing. outsourcing is a strategic switch to using external suppliers to
carry out activities previously handled by internal staff and resources. outsourcing
may include the creation of durable partnerships and the organisation of supply
chains. this process can be especially sensitive for workers and their communities
when it entails moving production from developed to developing countries.
outsourced work may also go to independent contractors, self-employed workers,
or home workers. displaced and outsourced workers may be faced with reduced
wages, longer working hours, problems in worksite management, inability to
organise or protect themselves, a failure of established regulatory procedures, and
the shifting of work to unregulated firms or sites (Quinlan, mayhew, & Bohle, 2001).
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