Employmentweb_low

labour Markets and welfare states: a country perspective
disparity in non-standard work shifts. Workers in highly segregated
jobs with higher proportions of non-hispanic african americans
were found in one study to be more likely to work nonstandard shifts
such as evenings, nights, and highly rotating shifts (presser, 2003).
Working non-standard shifts has been shown to negatively impact
upon: social relationships such as family functions and marital
stability; physiological outcomes such as circadian rhythms, body
temperature, sleep, and hormonal levels; and health outcomes such
as cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, breast cancer,
and birth outcomes (presser, 2003).
The implications of these three types of inequality (minimum
wage, gender and race, and employment levels) are manifest in
health care coverage. In the us, until Barack obama’s 2010 health
care reform, the critical and unique point is that healthcare has
generally been contingent upon employment, being offered by the
employer almost exclusively. minimum wage jobs generally do not
offer associated health care, nor do they offer a high enough wage to
purchase private coverage. The racial and gender disparities in
income imply an unequal means of covering the private costs
associated with us health care, which are typically substantial.
finally, those whose profession is characterised by periods of
temporary unemployment often do not meet minimum criteria for
health insurance or employment-based pension plans (us
Department of labor, 2005).
overall, 15 per cent of the population has no health insurance
coverage (some 45 million americans) including a growing number
of workers and their families (arheart et al., 2006), particularly in
blue collar occupations. although it seems likely that the 2010
health care reform bill will improve the situation somewhat, millions
of people are likely to continue having no coverage.
south korea - Il Ho Kim, Haejoo Chung and Carles muntaner
south Korea belongs to the cluster of semi-periphery countries in the
residual labour institutions category. south Korea is situated on the
southern end of the Korean peninsula and surrounded mostly by
ocean waters, with 2,413 kilometres of coast line. The total population
of south Korea was estimated at 48.8 million in July of 2006. south
Korea's annual population growth rate decreased from 3 per cent to
0.44 per cent between 1960 and 2005, and is expected to further
decline to 0.01 per cent by 2020. In contrast, between 1945 and 2005,
the urban population has recorded an unprecedented growth, from
14.5% to 81.5% of the total population. life expectancy at birth is
estimated at 75.1 years for men and 81.9 years for women. (figures
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