Employmentweb_low

EmploymEnT, woRk, and hEalTh inEqualiTiEs - a global perspective
Table 14. typology of policies and interventions at the national level for employment dimensions to reduce
health inequalities, stratified by main entry points.
enTry
poinT
fUll-TiMe
sTandard
eMployMenT
UneMployMenT
precarioUs
eMployMenT
inforMal
eMployMenT
child laBoUr
slavery and
Bonded laBoUr
a
provide incentives for
unionisation and
collective bargaining
provision of
quality/safe work
central policy
objective (not
subordinate to
economic policy)
policies to promote
full employment
(more emphasis on
full-time and secure
employment)
strengthen
employment
component in
poverty reduction
programs (e.g.,
micro-credits)
limit temporary
contracts
provide incentives
for unionisation
and collective
bargaining
legislation and
land reforms
provide incentives for
informal workers
organisation
strengthen
enforcement/
sanctions
provision of food for
attending school
programs
legislation, effective
enforcement and
punishment of
beneficiaries/(including
those at peak of
subcontracting
networks)
sanctions on
governments that
tolerate slavery/bonded
labour (eg trade access
& investment penalties)
with incentives for those
who seek to eradicate
the practices
B
Universal access to public education
legislation / Minimum wage (poverty)
income redistribution through progressive tax system and social services
avoid wage discrimination (gender, race, employment status),
promote policies towards upward social mobility
create incentives and
sanctions for
reduction of
employment
violations
incentives to promote
working time
flexibility (e.g., worklife
balance)
regulate
downsizing/job
insecurity and
outsourcing
laws placing limits
on use of ‘atypical’
employment
promotion of
unemployment
insurance
develop active
labour market
policies (e.g.,
interventions to
facilitate access to
employment among
women, young and
older workers)
re-evaluate
retention of rural
area
services/agricultura
l activities on basis
of employment and
sustainability
(environmental and
health effects)
regulatory
controls on
downsizing,
subcontracting
and outsourcing
(including supply
chain regulation)
integrated
minimum labour
standards
(industrial
relations, oHs
and workers’
compensation)
promote
regulation to
avoid employment
discrimination of
foreign born,
migrants and
other vulnerable
workers
create incentives
and sanctions for
reduction of
employment
violations
develop legislation
and regulation on
informal employment
create incentives and
sanctions for
reduction of
employment
violations in informal
economy
establish worker or
community health
centre network or
integration activities
to worker in the
primary health care
of the public health
system
conditional cash
transfer programs
(e.g., for food,
education and
immunisation)
civil society
mobilization against
worst forms of child
labour (e,g.,
consumer boycotts)
anti slavery/bonded
labour law/enforcement
mandated
internationally (target
penalties for noncompliance)
strengthen law
enforcement agents
(special agents to
interdict and prosecute
practices (e.g., naptip
in nigeria)
civil society mobilization
against slavery (e.g.,
consumer boycotts)
strengthen public capacity for regulation and control regarding employment conditions
impose externalities assessment on labour market flexibility, competition policies
source: prepared by the authors
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