Employmentweb_low

labour Markets and welfare states: a country perspective
formal employment. medical insurance and work injury insurance
provided by employers is very limited. They often lack any rights to
health care, pensions, unemployment insurance, paid annual leave,
paid sick leave, and public holidays. The social security status of female
migrant workers is even worse. most female flexible employees do not
have maternity leave or pregnancy care wages. once pregnant, some
workers are dismissed or forced to quit. all of this means that workers
in flexible employment condition have high economic insecurity.
To further improve and supplement the 1995 labour law for the
expanding market-oriented economy, a new labour contract law took
effect on January 1, 2008. This law adds significant protection for
employees in various areas, levying penalties on employers who do not
sign an employment contract with their employees, restricting the use of
temporary labourers, and compensating employees for improper
termination. The law also enhances the role of the Communist party's
monopoly union and allows collective bargaining for wages and benefits.
In January of 2007, China became a signatory to the Ilo’s convention
on occupational health and safety. Joining the convention allows China to
cooperate with international organisations to improve its occupational
health and safety standards. China has established plans to close more
small coal mines, upgrade coal-mining technologies, conduct more
safety checks and provide miners with safety training in order to curb
accidents. The country has gradually reformed and improved its
unemployment insurance system since its establishment in 1986. It can
be proud of a remarkable achievement: the unemployment Insurance
regulation promulgated in 1999 gradually extended coverage from the
initial state-owned enterprise workers to all urban employees. rural
migrant workers have now started to be insured.
In recent years, the economic crisis has slowed or reversed the
migration from rural to urban areas and unemployment has increased.
india - sK sasikumar, atanu sarkar and Zakir Hussain
India is a peripheral country in the cluster of less successful informal
labour markets. Demographically, India is moving towards an age
composition that will be among the youngest in the world. according to
the projected population of 2007 (based on 2001 census data and decadal
growth rate), there are a total of 217 million people of age 15 - 24 years,
which comprises around 19 per cent of the total working population
(government of India [goI], 2007), since the government of India's rule
for the minimum age of entry into employment is 14 years. The national
sample survey organization (nsso) shows that between 1993 and 2005,
there has been an increase in unemployment rates in India, particularly
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