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eMployMent relations and health inequalities: pathways and MechanisMs Figure 18. healthy life expectancy for different labour market clusters in 2002. Healthy Life Expectancy at Birth (Years) 60 70 80 30 40 50 core semi-peripheral Peripheral Social Democratic Corporatist Conservative Liberal Residual Emerging country clusters Informal Post-Communist Less Successful Informal Insecure Males Females source: prepared by the authors 8.2. eMPloyMenT condiTions a full account of how employment conditions negatively affect the health of workers needs to include a detailed exposition of generic as well as specific social, psychological and biological pathways. although most pathways and mechanisms seem fairly general (e.g., unemployment can be a risk factor for depression, alcoholism and cardiovascular disease), there is also room for specific disorders tied to the negative effects of particular employment relations in specific populations (e.g., developmental disorders linked to child labour, post-traumatic stress disorders linked to soldiering, slavery or bonded labour). in the fol<strong>low</strong>ing section we have summarised what we understand as the general and specific pathways underlying our six dimensions of employment relations. in order to present pathways and mechanisms linking employment dimensions to health inequalities as well as current 213
EmploymEnt, Work, And hEAlth InEquAlItIEs - a global perspective Figure 19. hypothetical years of life lost by the male and female populations of sweden compared to the average life expectancy of each labour market cluster of countries in 2005. 120 core semi-peripheral Peripheral years Y (millions) 100 80 60 40 20 6 3 6 3 Men Women 6 6 3 3 25 14 25 19 28 25 85 76 42 33 39 36 74 73 96 92 0 Social Democratic Corporatist conservative Liberal Social Liberal Residual Emergent Informal Patriarcal country clusters Post-comunist Informal less successful Insecure Most insecure source: prepared by the authors knowledge gaps, we adopt a “realist” perspective on current knowledge regarding social mechanisms linking employment relations to health inequalities. Therefore, we seek to compile evidence from various sources that are compatible with our model (see chapter 4). This also means that we may not have enough information to confirm every pathway included in our model. despite this, we should be able to find evidence that is broadly compatible with the pathways hypothesised by the model. We concentrate here on the relationship between employment conditions and health. These dimensions may share some common pathways (e.g. lack of autonomy at work leading to mental illness) but may also be characterised by specific pathways (e.g., child labour leading to <strong>low</strong> growth). at the proximal level, the pathways between social stress and disease (in large part a direct or indirect consequence of 214
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EmploymEnt, Work and HEaltH InEqual
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CORE GROUP* Carlos H. Alvarado, Fra
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EMplOyMENt, wOrk, aNd hEalth iNEQua
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x EMplOyMENt, wOrk, aNd hEalth iNEQ
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EMploYMEnt, work, And hEAlth inEquA
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A Bozo fisherman at the break of da
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A group of women carrying cotton af
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the adobe house construction has be
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Labour markets and welfare states:
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labour Markets and welfare states:
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Employment relations and health ine
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Policies and Interventions 9 "The k
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policies and interventions to reduc
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policies and interventions case stu
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policies and interventions for expo
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policies and interventions Under ne
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policies and interventions his acco
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policies and interventions 9.3. eMp
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policies and interventions who actu
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policies and interventions Figure 2
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policies and interventions power re
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policies and interventions free pro
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policies and interventions employme
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policies and interventions Pública
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policies and interventions conditio
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policies and interventions factors
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policies and interventions informat
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policies and interventions financin
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policies and interventions better i
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policies and interventions referenc
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policies and interventions Table 14
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policies and interventions urban ar
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policies and interventions precario
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policies and interventions could es
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policies and interventions home-bas
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policies and interventions prison l
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policies and interventions 9.6. ass
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policies and interventions along wi
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Epilogue: the economic crisis 10
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis this
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis all o
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis and t
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis group
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis Case
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis group
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis feedi
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis short
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis commu
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis Refer
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Conclusions & recommendations 11 "I
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conclusions and recommendations sho
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conclusions and recommendations The
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conclusions and recommendations wor
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conclusions and recommendations Eff
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conclusions and recommendations •
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Appendix
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AppeNdIx recommendation no. 190 and
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AppeNdIx employment conditions. emp
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AppeNdIx Forced labour. Although th
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AppeNdIx Job discrimination. this t
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AppeNdIx in: muntaner, c., Benach,
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AppeNdIx in: Bartley, m., & Ferrie,
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AppeNdIx work intensification. work
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AppeNdIx Bank's Atlas method (adjus
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AppeNdIx table a2. descriptive stat
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AppeNdIx table a3. labour market fa
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AppeNdIx CorE sEmi-pEriphEry pEriph
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AppeNdIx Country clusters table A5
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AppeNdIx semi-peripheral countries
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AppeNdIx Figure a6. Health indicato
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RefeRences RefeRences 1. IntroductI
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arrangements and precariousness in
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International Labour Organization.
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Benach (Eds.), Desigualtats en salu
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Instituto Nacional de Estadística
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desde América Latina y el Caribe.
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Woldehanna, T., Guta, F., & Ferede,
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unemployment Chan, W. S., Yip, P. S
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International Labour Organization.
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Clarke, S., Sloane, D., & Aiken, L.
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among residents in the Trent region
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Sales, E. C., & Santana, V. S. (200
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Parent-Thirion, A., Fernandez, M. E
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Unemployment and mental health: Und
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Tytherleigh, M. Y., Jacobs, P. A.,
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Chilcoat, E. (2008). Pinkie promise
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Africa. Perspective of Global Devel
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freight transport and distribution
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Índex LIST OF FIGURES 2. Fair empl
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Table A5. Country clusters by labou
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Case study 43. Sexual orientation,
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acronyms and abrevIatures AIDS - Ac
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autHors and contrIbutors CORE GROUP
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Maria da Graça Luderitz Hoefel. Ho
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Maria da Graça Luderitz Hoefel. Ho
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INSTITUTIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS THAT
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