Employmentweb_low

labour Markets and welfare states: a country perspective
prevalent reason for women to not participate in the labour force is
domestic work, whereas for men it is being retired or being a student.
Education is one of the important factors that determine participation in
the labour force for women. It is far less among illiterates and nonschool
attendees (21.9%) than for higher-educated groups. labour force
participation rates increase gradually to 47.4 per cent among primary
school graduates, 57.1 per cent among secondary school graduates and
79.1 per cent among higher educated people. labour force participation
rates decrease sharply by age, being 33 per cent for people 55 years old
or above. The general unemployment rate is 10.3 per cent and higher in
the non-agricultural sectors (13.6%). This figure increased sharply after
the 2001 economic crisis, remaining higher than at any of the pre-crisis
periods. although economic growth has been about 7 per cent for the
past three years, unemployment has been steady around 10 per cent,
which has been referred to as "jobless-growth". The unemployment rate
among young workers (15-24 years old) is 19.3 per cent. among the
unemployed, approximately 56 per cent are long-term (more than six
months). The current unemployment system covers merely 3 per cent of
all unemployed workers.
among the Eu countries and middle income countries, Turkey has
the highest average of working hours with 52 hours per week.
moreover, 73 per cent of male workers work more than 40 hours per
week and 39 per cent of them work more than 60 hours a week. The
labour law has also facilitated the flexibilisation of working time. for
example, one can work 5 hours per day one week and 10 hours in the
second week without extra payment.
agricultural employment has decreased considerably during the
past ten years. Currently 29.5 per cent of workers are employed in
agriculture, whereas 19.4 per cent are in manufacturing, 5.3 per cent in
construction and 45.8 per cent in services (Turkish statistical Institute,
2007). The cutback of state subsidies in the agricultural sector
emanating from both national and international policies has caused a
dramatic decline in employment rates in this sector. Consequently,
approximately 300,000 agricultural labourers have become redundant
each year since the mid-90s. since the demand for unskilled labour is
low, this trend has gradually lowered the labour force participation rate.
It has been estimated that 64 per cent of the working population has
migrated due to unemployment or economic difficulties within the past
twenty years. The rapid reduction in agricultural employment and the
difficulties in generating new employment are among the most
important problems challenging Turkey today.
regarding child labour, the percentage of economically active
children is 10 per cent between the ages of 6 and 17. more than half
95