Employmentweb_low

EmploymEnt, work, and hEalth inEqualitiEs - A globAl peRSpeCTIve
welfare state policies. welfare state policies are policies aimed at
protecting citizens' welfare. they relate to several policy sectors, such as
health or education. typical welfare state policies are social protection
policies. expenditure on social protection includes the following areas:
sickness/health care, invalidity/old age, survivors, family/children,
unemployment, housing and social exclusion (navarro & Quiroga, 2005).
Reference
Navarro, v., & Quiroga, A. (2005). la protección social en españa. In v. Navarro (ed.), La
situación social en España (pp. 45-83). Madrid: biblioteca Nueva.
work-family conflict. work-family conflict is a form of inter-role conflict in which
the role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible in
some respect, causing considerable personal and organisational problems (Hage &
powers, 1992). two main hypotheses regarding gender differences in domain
sources conflict have been suggested: domain flexibility and domain salience. the
domain flexibility hypothesis predicts that the work domain is a greater source of
conflict than the family domain for both women and men. the domain salience
hypothesis predicts that the family domain is a greater source of conflict for women
than the work domain, and the work domain is a greater source of conflict for men
than the family domain. women may experience more role conflict as a result of the
simultaneity of their multiple roles (Hall, 1972). Along with gender, some family
domain pressures (such as the presence of young children and spouse time in paid
work) and work domain pressures (such as number of hours worked per week) are
associated with work-family conflict. Although the influence of multiple roles (such
as employee, spouse and mother) on women's health has been examined, results
are not consistent. the contradictory findings in the literature may be attributable to
the number or the type of roles occupied, as well as the nature of particular roles.
thus, job-related exposures may differ by employment, social class and marital
status, as well as by the family demands associated with these roles (Artazcoz,
Borrell, & Benach, 2001). the degree of control that people have to negotiate in
stressful situations also seems to be critical (Fenwick & tausig, 2001).
in: Hadden, w. c., muntaner, c., Benach, J., Gimeno, d., & Benavides, F.
G. (2007). A glossary for the social epidemiology of work organisation: part
3. terms from the sociology of labour markets. Journal of Epidemiology and
Community Health, 61, 6-8.
References
Artazcoz, l., borrell, C., & benach J. (2001). gender inequalities in health among workers:
the relation with family demands. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55,
639-647.
Fenwick, R., & Tausig, M. (2001). Scheduling stress: Family and health outcomes of shift work
and schedule control. The American Behavioral Scientist, 244, 1179-1198.
Hage, J., powers, C. H. (1992). Post-industrial lives: Roles and relationships in the 21st century.
Newbury park, CA: Sage.
Hall, d. T. (1972). A model of coping with role conflict: the role behavior of college educated
women. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 471-489.
410