Employmentweb_low

EmploymEnT, woRk, and hEalTh inEqualiTiEs - a global perspective
Third, the labour institutions of wealthy countries confirm
previous studies (Chung & muntaner, 2006; 2007). labour institutions,
measured through union density and collective bargaining coverage,
correlate closely with welfare state regime types in wealthy countries.
nevertheless, an integration of "flexicurity" and other active labour
market initiatives in scandinavian countries with varieties of welfare
state initiatives could yield more refined labour institution typologies
(Hall & solskice, 2001).
6.2. sElECTED CounTry CasE sTuDIEs
In this section we present examples of countries that illustrate the
labour market and health variation captured by our empirical global
typology of countries. In selecting specific countries, we used
several criteria (see countries marked in red in table 1). These
included how well a country represents the ideal type of its cluster
(e.g., sweden and united states for the social democratic and liberal
labour market clusters, El salvador and Turkey for informal labour
market clusters and nigeria and Ethiopia for less successful
informal labour market and insecure labour market, respectively);
size of the country's population and "emergence" of its economy
(Brazil, russia, India, China); labour market inequality (e.g., the
large proportion of precarious workers in south Korea and of
working poor in Haiti); and country’s political economy (socialist and
social-democratic in Cuba, Venezuela and Bolivia).
sweden - mona Backhans and Bo Burström
sweden is an example of the nordic social democratic welfare regime,
included in the "more equal" cluster among the rich or core countries.
In sweden, social policy is characterised by universality and a relative
lack of targeting, and generous benefit levels with a high degree of
income replacement. although there have been some changes made
by the new liberal-right wing government regarding benefit levels for
the long-term unemployed since 2007, this general description still
holds. Welfare services are almost solely produced within the public
sector, with a small share of private actors (statens offentliga
utredningar, 2004:19). In 2007, 78 per cent of men and 73 per cent of
women aged 16-64 were employed (statistics sweden, 2007).
unemployment was 4.6 per cent among men and 4.7 per cent among
women. among young people (16-24), the total figure is 11.7 per cent.
since 1974, sweden has had strong employment protection. In
practice, this has meant that dismissals other than those based on
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