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eMployMent relations and health inequalities: pathways and MechanisMs Figure 20. hypothetical years of healthy life lost by the male and female populations of sweden compared to the average life expectancy of each labour market cluster of countries in 2002. 120 core semi-peripheral Peripheral years (millions) 100 80 60 40 20 6 6 3 3 Men Women 8 8 6 8 25 19 34 28 33 31 85 81 42 36 48 44 80 79 102 98 0 Social Democratic Corporatist conservative Liberal Social Liberal Residual Emergent Informal Patriarcal country clusters Post-comunist Informal less successful Insecure Most insecure source: prepared by the authors employment relations) are well understood and common to a host of social determinants. social epidemiology and its associated disciplines have provided only a partial picture of the pathways and mechanisms linking employment dimensions to health inequalities. Moreover, a large majority of studies have been conducted in wealthy countries, thus precluding the examination of pathways and mechanisms that might be more important to <strong>low</strong>- and middleincome countries (e.g., informal labour, employment relations in extreme poverty and war, bonded labour and slavery). The remaining research questions to be examined are many. for example, what are the underlying pathways and mechanisms explaining the different effects of precarious employment by gender, migrant status, or race/ethnicity What are the pathways 215
EmploymEnt, Work, And hEAlth InEquAlItIEs - a global perspective Figure 21. hypothetical years of life gained by the male and female populations of niger compared to the average life expectancy of each labour market cluster of countries in 2005. core semi-peripheral Peripheral 200 198 198 198 198 years (millions) 180 160 140 120 100 80 177 177 177 177 178 142 169 142 159 136 145 111 Men Women 140 116 72 60 40 20 53 51 56 34 20 0 Social Democratic Corporatist conservative Liberal Social Liberal Residual Emergent Informal Patriarcal country clusters Post-comunist Informal less successful Insecure Most insecure source: prepared by the authors and mechanisms underlying the higher morbidity of precarious workers What are the health-damaging pathways and mechanisms among immigrants from different social classes What are the mechanisms underlying the often-observed statistical interaction between age, gender, or race/ethnicity and employment conditions in producing health inequalities in light of these considerations, we have included sections on “selected scientific findings”, “selected case studies” and “gaps in knowledge” for each employment dimension. our main goal in this chapter is to show the main links between employment conditions and health inequalities, both directly and through working conditions (see figure 23). 216
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EmploymEnt, Work and HEaltH InEqual
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CORE GROUP* Carlos H. Alvarado, Fra
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EMplOyMENt, wOrk, aNd hEalth iNEQua
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x EMplOyMENt, wOrk, aNd hEalth iNEQ
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EMploYMEnt, work, And hEAlth inEquA
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A Bozo fisherman at the break of da
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A group of women carrying cotton af
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the adobe house construction has be
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Labour markets and welfare states:
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labour Markets and welfare states:
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Employment relations and health ine
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Policies and Interventions 9 "The k
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policies and interventions to reduc
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policies and interventions case stu
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policies and interventions for expo
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policies and interventions Under ne
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policies and interventions his acco
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policies and interventions 9.3. eMp
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policies and interventions who actu
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policies and interventions Figure 2
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policies and interventions power re
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policies and interventions free pro
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policies and interventions employme
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policies and interventions Pública
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policies and interventions conditio
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policies and interventions factors
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policies and interventions informat
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policies and interventions financin
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policies and interventions better i
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policies and interventions referenc
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policies and interventions Table 14
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policies and interventions urban ar
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policies and interventions precario
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policies and interventions could es
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policies and interventions home-bas
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policies and interventions prison l
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policies and interventions 9.6. ass
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policies and interventions along wi
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Epilogue: the economic crisis 10
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis this
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis all o
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis and t
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis group
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis Case
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis group
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis feedi
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis short
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis commu
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epilogue: the econoMic crisis Refer
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Conclusions & recommendations 11 "I
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conclusions and recommendations sho
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conclusions and recommendations The
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conclusions and recommendations wor
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conclusions and recommendations Eff
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conclusions and recommendations •
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Appendix
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AppeNdIx recommendation no. 190 and
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AppeNdIx employment conditions. emp
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AppeNdIx Forced labour. Although th
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AppeNdIx Job discrimination. this t
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AppeNdIx in: muntaner, c., Benach,
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AppeNdIx in: Bartley, m., & Ferrie,
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AppeNdIx work intensification. work
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AppeNdIx Bank's Atlas method (adjus
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AppeNdIx table a2. descriptive stat
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AppeNdIx table a3. labour market fa
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AppeNdIx CorE sEmi-pEriphEry pEriph
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AppeNdIx Country clusters table A5
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AppeNdIx semi-peripheral countries
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AppeNdIx Figure a6. Health indicato
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RefeRences RefeRences 1. IntroductI
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arrangements and precariousness in
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International Labour Organization.
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Benach (Eds.), Desigualtats en salu
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Instituto Nacional de Estadística
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desde América Latina y el Caribe.
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Woldehanna, T., Guta, F., & Ferede,
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unemployment Chan, W. S., Yip, P. S
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International Labour Organization.
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Clarke, S., Sloane, D., & Aiken, L.
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among residents in the Trent region
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Sales, E. C., & Santana, V. S. (200
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Parent-Thirion, A., Fernandez, M. E
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Unemployment and mental health: Und
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Tytherleigh, M. Y., Jacobs, P. A.,
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Chilcoat, E. (2008). Pinkie promise
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Africa. Perspective of Global Devel
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freight transport and distribution
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Índex LIST OF FIGURES 2. Fair empl
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Table A5. Country clusters by labou
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Case study 43. Sexual orientation,
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acronyms and abrevIatures AIDS - Ac
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autHors and contrIbutors CORE GROUP
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Maria da Graça Luderitz Hoefel. Ho
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Maria da Graça Luderitz Hoefel. Ho
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INSTITUTIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS THAT
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