Employmentweb_low

conclusions and recommendations
The concept of fair employment is informed by a public health
perspective in which just employment relations, via various
employment conditions (i.e., full-time permanent employment,
unemployment, precarious employment, informal employment, child
labour, and slavery and bonded labour), are a prerequisite for poverty
reduction, health promotion and health inequalities reduction.
in middle-income and poor countries, estimates of
unemployment are between three to seven times higher than in rich
countries. Youth comprise nearly half of the world's total
unemployment. Compared to adults, youth are more than three
times as likely to be unemployed. other groups at high risk of being
unemployed include workers without credentials, single mothers,
ethnic minorities and recent immigrants.
Worldwide, the working poor (i.e. people living below the us2$
poverty line) constitute a large fraction of the employed labour force
(around 1.4 billion people), the majority being women. The largest
burden of precarious workers is overwhelmingly located in lowincome
countries, especially in Africa south of the sahara. over the
past three decades, precarious employment relations have largely
increased in wealthy countries, the largest burden also being born
by younger workers, workers with low credentials, women, ethnic
minorities and immigrants.
over the past two decades, informal employment has grown in
most low- and middle-income countries. in these countries,
between half and three-fourths of workers are informally employed.
informal employment still comprises a wide range of production and
distribution of goods and services in wealthy countries.
Children are among the most affected by these global labour
market inequities. More than 300 million children (aged 5-17) are
economically active, more than two-thirds are child labourers, and
far more than one-third are engaged in hazardous work. The
proportion of children in the labour market in the group of lowincome
countries shows a large variation, with the highest levels
found in Africa south of sahara as well as in Asian countries.
Although much lower than in middle-income and poor countries,
child labour, slavery, trafficking and bonded labour are still present
in high-income countries.
Between 12 and 28 million people are victims of slavery globally,
the majority of whom are in Asia. At least 2.4 million people (mostly
women and girls) are in forced labour as a result of human trafficking.
The conditions under which people work have a direct or indirect
impact on their health. Employment conditions are an antecedent of
working conditions that can affect health either directly or through
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