Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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Chapter 6 Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Endocrine DisruptingChemicals and <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern onFraser River Sockeye Salmon6.0 IntroductionThe procedures described in the preceding chapters <strong>of</strong> this report provide a systematicbasis for identifying contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern in the Fraser River Basin and evaluating theirpotential effects on sockeye salmon in the Fraser River Basin. However, the data andinformation needed to conduct the screening-level (Chapter 4) and/or detailed (Chapter 5)assessments were not available for all <strong>of</strong> the contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern identified during thisinvestigation. In many cases, data on the concentrations <strong>of</strong> aquatic contaminants insurface water, sediment, or fish tissues were not readily available. In other cases, toxicityscreening values or toxicity reference values were not available for one or more mediatypes. Accordingly, it was not possible to evaluate the risks posed to Fraser Riversockeye salmon associated with exposure to many <strong>of</strong> the substances included in theInventory <strong>of</strong> Aquatic <strong>Contaminants</strong>. The substances that fell into this category wereconsidered to be uncertain contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern relative to their potential effects onsockeye salmon utilizing habitats within the Fraser River Basin. The contaminants thatcould not be evaluated or could not be fully evaluated (i.e., uncertain contaminants <strong>of</strong>concern) are considered to include:• Microbiological variables (i.e., faecal coliforms, Enterococci);• Organometals [i.e., methyl mercury (MeHg), organotins];• Cyanides;• Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., BTEX);• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., individual parent PAHs, alkylatedPAHs, total low molecular weight PAHs, total high molecular weight PAHs,total PAHs);• Phenolic compounds (i.e., phenol, cresol);• Chlorinated phenolic compounds (i.e., chlorophenols, chloroguaiacols,chlorocatechols);• Polychlorinated biphenyls (total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents, total PCBsas a sum <strong>of</strong> congeners, sum <strong>of</strong> homologs, or sum <strong>of</strong> Aroclors);73
• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenz<strong>of</strong>urans (total2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents);• Resin acids (e.g., abietic acid);• Fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid);• Legacy organochlorine pesticides (i.e., aldrin, chlordane, DDTs, dieldrin,endrin, endosulfan, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,lindane, methoxychlor, nonachlor, toxaphene);• Petroleum hydrocarbons (i.e., oil and grease, diesel range organics, alcanes,lube oil);• In-use herbicides (i.e., atrazine, 2,4-D, 2,4-D amine, ethalfluralin, glyphosate,mineral oil, paraquat, pendimethalin, picloram, simazine, triallate, triclopyr,trifluralin);• In-use insecticides (i.e., azinphosmethyl, Bacillis thuringiensis, chlorpyrifos,diazinon, endosulfan, malathion, mineral oil, parathion);• In-use fungicides (i.e., captan, chlorothalonil, dazomet, mancozeb, metam,metiram, lime sulphur);• Other pesticides (i.e., formaldehyde, formalin);• Wood preservatives [i.e., creosote, chromated copper arsenate (CCA),ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA), pentachlorophenol];• Anti-sapstain chemicals [i.e., didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), 3-iodo-2propynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC)];• Surfactants [i.e., alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), fluorosurfactants];• Fire retardants [i.e., PBDEs (209 congeners and 10 homolog groups),perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA),diammonium sulphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate,ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate];• Plastics and polymer related chemicals (i.e., phthalate esters, bisphenol A);• Steroids, hormones and hormone-mimicking substances (e.g., estradiol,estrone, 17á-ethinylestradiol, plant sterols, phytoestrogen metabolites);• Pharmaceuticals (i.e., antibiotics, antihypertensives, anticonvulsants,antidepressants, anti-acid reflux, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and analgesiccompounds);• Personal care products (i.e., fragrances, insect repellants, detergents,antimicrobials, fungicides, surfactants, and stimulants);74
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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Page 61 and 62: with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
Page 63 and 64: In summary, the contaminants that c
Page 65 and 66: insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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Page 81 and 82: Many other substances have the pote
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Page 89 and 90: • 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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Page 97 and 98: The results of thi
Page 99: Interest and in the South Thompson
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Page 105 and 106: In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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Page 109 and 110: Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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Page 121 and 122: observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
Page 123 and 124: (See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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Page 127 and 128: point and non-point source discharg
Page 129 and 130: Location of NatalS
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Page 135 and 136: these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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Page 139 and 140: chemicals of poten
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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