Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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$ Sub Alpine Avalanche Chutes,$ Alpine,$ Residential Agriculture Mixtures,$ Agriculture,$ Barren Surfaces,$ Estuaries,$ Freshwater,$ Glaciers and Snow,$ Mining,$ Old Forest,$ Outside <strong>of</strong> BC,$ Range Lands,$ Recently Burned Forest,$ Recently Logged Forest,$ Recreation Activities,$ Salt Water,$ Selectively Logged Forest,$ Shrubs,$ Urban,$ Wetlands; and,$ Young Forest.Four <strong>of</strong> these categories were used for analysis within this report: ResidentialAgriculture Mixtures, Agriculture, Mining and Urban. The BTM data were derived fromsatellite images that were captured from 1990 to 1997.A3.3 British Columbia Environmental Monitoring System (EMS)The EMS database houses environmental data collected by the B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong>Environment. The database was accessed to compile information on water qualitystations that are applicable to the assessment <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon exposure tocontaminants. The water quality stations in each area <strong>of</strong> interest and in the FraserRiver mainstem and its major tributaries were identified using multiple sources:1. Keyword (i.e., area <strong>of</strong> interest names) searches for water quality stationsusing the EMS Web Reporting application;2. Water quality stations identified as part <strong>of</strong> the Federal-Provincial WaterQuality Monitoring Program;3. BCMOE Water Quality Objectives Reports developed between 1985 and2009;A-19
4. Keyword searches for water quality stations using the names <strong>of</strong> lakesand tributaries identified in Pestal and Cass (2009) for each area <strong>of</strong>interest using the EMS Web Reporting application; and,5. Water quality stations identified in research projects and assessmentreports in the Fraser River Basin.Water quality data in the EMS database include samples that were collected to supportenvironmental impact assessments, water quality objectives monitoring, trendanalysis, and background characterization. Additionally, samples have beencollected for compliance monitoring at sites with permitted discharges such aswastewater treatment plants and industrial discharges (e.g., pulp and paper mills,manufacturing plants). As the objectives at each <strong>of</strong> the EMS stations vary, themonitoring requirements and measured parameters also vary between each station.Generally, parameters <strong>of</strong> interest include conventional parameters (e.g., watertemperature, pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen concentration), and nutrients (e.g.,nitrogen and phosphorus). Depending upon the land-use activities in the watersheds,contaminants associated with wastewater treatment plants (e.g., fecal coliforms), pulpmills [e.g, resin acids, adsorbable organic halids (AOXs)], agriculture (e.g., fecalcoliforms, major ions), and mining (e.g., metals) may additionally be measured fordifferent assessments. Furthermore, the duration <strong>of</strong> the monitoring record and theseasonal timing <strong>of</strong> sample collection vary with the monitoring objectives. EMSstations used for trend analysis for example, may have a long-term dataset spanning10 years or more, whereas stations monitored for background characterization mayconsist <strong>of</strong> a dataset with few measurements gathered over a season.The analysis <strong>of</strong> exposure <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon to contaminants in the Fraser River Basinincluded the compilation <strong>of</strong> existing water quality data at relevant EMS water qualitystations. Data were compiled for all stations that could be used for characterizingwater quality in each <strong>of</strong> the areas <strong>of</strong> interest. However, due to the variability inmeasured parameters, length <strong>of</strong> monitoring period and, timing <strong>of</strong> water quality datacollection, water quality stations were selected based on the following priorities:$ Water quality stations that characterize conditions within thespawning, rearing and migration areas <strong>of</strong> the areas <strong>of</strong> interest;$ Water quality stations that characterize conditions within the mainmigration route (i.e., Lower Fraser River and Upper Fraser River);$ Water quality stations where collected data include theparameters <strong>of</strong> interest needed to assess exposure <strong>of</strong> salmon tocontaminants in the Fraser River Basin (e.g., water temperature,pH, turbidity/TSS, dissolved oxygen concentration, metals andother contaminants identified in the Inventory <strong>of</strong> Aquatic<strong>Contaminants</strong>, based on land-use activities in the watershed);$ Water quality data collected over a long period <strong>of</strong> time at a highfrequency (i.e., stations used for trend analysis);A-20
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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2011 for more information on the lo
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facilities identified in Table 3.11
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Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
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• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
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• Personal care products (fragran
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Page 525 and 526: Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
Page 527 and 528: Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
Page 529 and 530: Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
Page 531 and 532: Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
Page 533 and 534: Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
Page 535 and 536: Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
Page 537 and 538: Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
Page 539 and 540: Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
Page 541 and 542: Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
Page 543 and 544: Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
Page 545 and 546: Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
Page 547 and 548: Appendices
Page 549 and 550: SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
Page 551 and 552: obtained on one species, sometimes
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Page 555 and 556: WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Page 559 and 560: the potential effects of</s
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Page 563 and 564: 4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Page 571 and 572: River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Page 577 and 578: Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
Page 579 and 580: when multiple samples were reported
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Page 585 and 586: In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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Page 589 and 590: deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
Page 591 and 592: Appendix 5. Data description and so
Page 603: Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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