Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

• Personal care products (fragrances, insect repellants, detergents,antimicrobials, fungicides, surfactants, and stimulants; see Table 3.17);• Disinfectants (e.g., bromine, chlorine, iodine and disinfection byproducts); and,• Nanoparticles (Nowack and Bucheli 2007).3.1.1.12 Municipal and Industrial LandfillsLandfills have been sited in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> municipal and industrial developmentsthroughout the Fraser River Basin (Figure 3.13). <strong>Contaminants</strong> that are disposed <strong>of</strong> inlandfills can be released to surface water bodies through direct discharge <strong>of</strong> leachates orthrough surface water recharge by contaminated groundwater. Due to the number <strong>of</strong>landfills that exist and the number <strong>of</strong> organizations that operate them (Table 3.18), noattempt was made to characterize landfill leachates on a site-specific basis. Instead,general information on the chemical characteristics <strong>of</strong> landfill leachates was used toidentify the contaminants that may have been released to the Fraser River or its tributariesfrom municipal or industrial landfills, including those that receive sewage sludges, locatedin the study area, including (Niininen et al. 1994; Herrmann 2001; Environmental Healthand Safety Online 2010):• Conventional variables (COD, TSS);• Nutrients (ammonia);• Metals (e.g., aluminum, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, copper, chromium,iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, zinc);• Cyanide;• Volatile organic contaminants (e.g., methane, chlorinated ethanes, chlorinateethenes)• Phenolic compounds (phenol, cresol);• Chlorinated phenolics (e.g., dichlorophenols, trichlorophenols,tetrachlorophenolds, pentachlorophenol);• Nitrobenzenes (e.g., nitrobenzene, methylnitrobenzene);• Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., BTEX);• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., parent PAHs, alkylated PAHs, totalPAHs);• Other semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs).32