Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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facilities were identified (Figure 3.9). In addition, a non-metallic mineral productmanufacturing facility (I.G. Machine and Fibers) is located in the Lower Thompson RiverArea <strong>of</strong> Interest. The information needed to document the chemical characteristics <strong>of</strong>discharges or run<strong>of</strong>f from these facilities was not located. Therefore, the contaminantsthat could be released from such facilities were not explicitly identified.Three manufacturing facilities were identified in the Pitt River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. Theseincluded a chemical manufacturing facility (Advance Chemicals Ltd.), an electricalequipment and component manufacturing facility [i.e., battery manufacturing; E-One MoliEnergy (Canada) Ltd.], and a steel foundry (Esco Ltd.). While permit information wasnot located for any <strong>of</strong> these facilities, effluent discharges or spills could result in releases<strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> contaminants into surface waters, including: cleaning and disinfectantproducts and/or precursors (e.g., various alcohols, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, phosphoricacid, potassium hydroxide, triclosan, triclocarban, etc.), electrolytes (e.g., ethylenecarbonate, diethyl carbonate), metals (e.g., cadmium, copper, chromium, iron, lead,lithium, nickel, zinc), and petroleum hydrocarbons [e.g., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,and xylenes (BTEX), oil, diesel, and PAHs].Three manufacturing facilities were identified within the Cultus Lake Area <strong>of</strong> Interest.Two <strong>of</strong> these facilities are involved in dairy product manufacturing (Armstrong CheeseCompany Ltd. and Saputo Foods Ltd.), while the other is involved in the production <strong>of</strong>pesticides, fertilizers, and other agricultural chemicals (Sure-Gro Inc.). No informationwas located on the chemical composition <strong>of</strong> wastewaters from these facilities. However,information from other sources suggests that wastewaters from dairy productmanufacturing facilities can have elevated levels <strong>of</strong> BOD and COD (Zin et al. 2008),microbiological variables, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), hormones (17á-estradiol,17ß-estradiol, and estrone; Zheng et al. 2008), and metals (iron, magnesium, andstrontium; Hussain and Gondal 2008). The contaminants that could be released to theenvironment from the Sur-Gro Inc. mixed fertilizer manufacturing facility include:nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and metals (arsenic and lead; Zeller et al. 2003).The density <strong>of</strong> manufacturing facilities in the Lower Fraser River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest is higherthan that elsewhere in the basin. The food and food products manufacturing sectorincludes bakeries (Canada Bread, Gourmet Baker Inc.; Weston Bakeries Ltd.), flourmilling operations (Rogers Foods Ltd.), s<strong>of</strong>t drink manufacturers (Coco-Cola BottlingCompany; Pepsicola Bottling Group), flavouring syrup producers (Sensient FlavoursCanada Inc.), breweries (Labatt Breweries <strong>of</strong> Canada), dairies and daily product facilities(Dairyland Fluid Division Ltd., Happy Days Dairies Ltd., Saputo Foods Ltd., Soyaworld25
Inc.), poultry processing facilities (J.D. Sweid Ltd.), frozen foods producers (B.C. FrozenFoods Ltd.), and animal feed production facilities (Mastefeeds Inc., Unifeed Ltd., ViterraInc.). While effluent permits were not located for most <strong>of</strong> these facilities, some <strong>of</strong> thevariables that are typically measured in effluents to evaluate the effects <strong>of</strong> these types <strong>of</strong>industries on water quality conditions include: temperature, pH, BOD, COD, TSS, oil andgrease, total residue chlorine, and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus).Foundries and steel products manufacturing facilities also operate within the Lower FraserRiver Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. Some <strong>of</strong> the metal product-based operations in this area includesteel product manufacturing (Ahoy Industrial Corp. Ltd., Canadian Autoparts Toyota Inc.,Tital Steel and Wire Co. Ltd., Western Steel Ltd.), metal fabrication businesses (CanadaMetal Ltd.), coating, engraving and heat treating facilities (Ebco Metal Finishing LP;Enigma Interconnect Inc.; Molestro Plating Inc.; Silver City Galvanizing), foundries(Highland Foundry Ltd.), machine shops (Vae Nortrak Ltd.), heating and refrigerationequipment manufacturers (Zer-O-Loc Enterprises Ltd.), and metal recycling facilities(ABC Recycling Ltd.). The contaminants that could be released to aquatic ecosystems viaeffluent discharge, overland run<strong>of</strong>f, or spills from these facilities include: conventionalvariables (temperature, pH, alkalinity, TSS), metals (e.g., aluminum, barium, boron,cadmium, copper, chromium, iron, lead, manganese nickel, zinc), nutrients (phosphorus),and petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., BTEX, oil and grease, diesel, and PAHs).Plastics, glass, and other container and packaging operations are also located throughoutthe Lower Fraser Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. There are at least 12 plastics, resins, and foamsmanufacturing facilities in this area <strong>of</strong> interest, including Ampacet Canada Company, A-ZSponge and Foam Products Ltd., Beaver Plastics Ltd., Clariant Canada Inc.Masterbatches Division, Columbia Foam Inc., ICL Engineering Ltd., Inteplast, Maax SpasBC Inc., Marine Plastics Ltd., Plasti-Fab Ltd., Pliant Packaging <strong>of</strong> Canada LLC, andWestern Concord Manufacturing. Interstyle Ceramic and Glass Ltd. operates a glassproduct manufacturing business in the Lower Fraser River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. There arethree corrugated and solid fibre box manufacturers located in the lower mainland,including Crown Packaging, PTPC Corrugated Co., and Smurfit-MBI. The contaminantsthat are typically associated with these types <strong>of</strong> activities include: metals (arsenic,cadmium, lead), polymers, phthalates [e.g., bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP)], solvents,resins, chemical additives, and volatile organic compounds (e.g., carbon tetrachloride).There are numerous other manufacturing industries that operate within the Lower FraserRiver Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. For example, there are at least four boat-building facilities in thearea, including Crescent Custon Yacht Inc., West Bay Sonships Ltd., Zodiac International,26
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
Page 12 and 13: List of TablesTabl
Page 14 and 15: Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
Page 16 and 17: Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
Page 20 and 21: Figure 3.17 Map of
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
Page 25 and 26: List of Acronyms2,
Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
Page 29 and 30: To assist it in fulfilling this man
Page 31 and 32: • Development of
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
Page 35 and 36: life history of th
Page 37 and 38: • Pitt River Area of</str
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
Page 41 and 42: and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
Page 43 and 44: 3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
Page 45 and 46: (ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
Page 47 and 48: Effluent toxicity was also included
Page 49 and 50: 2011 for more information on the lo
Page 51: facilities identified in Table 3.11
Page 55 and 56: • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Page 57 and 58: 3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
Page 59 and 60: • Personal care products (fragran
Page 61 and 62: with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
Page 63 and 64: In summary, the contaminants that c
Page 65 and 66: insecticides, such as phorate, terb
Page 67 and 68: 3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
Page 69 and 70: the substances most amenable to lon
Page 71 and 72: • Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
Page 73 and 74: were used in the effects and exposu
Page 75 and 76: warrants further assessment to dete
Page 77 and 78: • Data collected for migration co
Page 79 and 80: Hazard quotients were calculated fo
Page 81 and 82: Many other substances have the pote
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
Page 85 and 86: For surface water and sediment, the
Page 87 and 88: 3. For hardness-dependent water qua
Page 89 and 90: • 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
Page 91 and 92: concern by area of
Page 93 and 94: 0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
Page 95 and 96: least time rearing in freshwater ha
Page 97 and 98: The results of thi
Page 99 and 100: Interest and in the South Thompson
Page 101 and 102: • Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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