Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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A3.8 Siska Salmon and Indigenous Peoples Life WorkIn 2007, Siska Traditions Society (2009) initiated a study to assess the potentialcontamination <strong>of</strong> Fraser River sockeye and chinook salmon in the Adams/Thompsonand Weaver Stocks. The concentration <strong>of</strong> metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), and organochlorine pesticideswere measured in both sockeye and chinook salmon tissue and roe collected fromsampling sites in the Lower Fraser River, mid-river locations, and in the spawninggrounds <strong>of</strong> the Weaver and Adams River stocks. Classification <strong>of</strong> stocks wascompleted by DNA analysis <strong>of</strong> the captured individuals.The Siska Traditions Society and study investigators were contacted to obtaininformation on the study. Nancy MacPherson (University <strong>of</strong> British Columbia)provided the data and reports with permission from Chief Fred Sampson and TerryRaymond <strong>of</strong> the Siska First Nation for use <strong>of</strong> the data. These data were used toassess the exposure <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon to contaminants <strong>of</strong> potential concern,including metals, PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and organochlorine pesticides, and to evaluate thepotential for this exposure to have adverse effects on reproduction and survival <strong>of</strong>sockeye salmon.A3.9 Effluent Quality Data for Wastewater Treatment PlantsInformation on the major wastewater treatment plants discharging into water bodies ineach <strong>of</strong> the areas <strong>of</strong> interest was collected from effluent permits, personalcommunication with the facilities, and municipal websites outlining their wastewatertreatment facilities. These data include the treatment type (i.e., primary, secondary,tertiary), permitted effluent volume, and identification <strong>of</strong> variables (e.g., pH, totalsuspended solids) listed under permit requirements. These data have been collectedfor 36 <strong>of</strong> the major wastewater treatment plants in the 15 areas <strong>of</strong> interest.Additionally, stream-flow data have also been collected where available. EMS waterquality stations associated with each <strong>of</strong> the wastewater treatment plants (i.e., ineffluent receiving environments, where available) have been identified in the GIS files.Additionally, data on environmental concentrations <strong>of</strong> chemicals <strong>of</strong> potential concernwere compiled for those wastewater treatment plant-associated EMS stations, whereavailable.A3.10 Effluent Quality Data for Pulp and Paper MillsInformation on the pulp and paper mills that discharge into waterbodies situated ineach <strong>of</strong> the 15 areas <strong>of</strong> interest have been collected. Data include location andeffluent discharge points and the identification <strong>of</strong> EMS water quality stationsassociated with (i.e., downstream <strong>of</strong>) each pulp and paper mill. Ten pulp and papermills in the Fraser River Basin have been identified including: Northwood Pulp Mill,Prince George Pulp and Paper Mills, Cariboo Pulp and Paper Company, QuesnelA-23
River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibres, Buckeye Canada-Delta Division, andNorampac Burnaby (previously Crown Paper), three facilities under Kruger ProductsL.P. [Carey Island Paper Mill, Herrling Island Paper Mill, and Kruger Produces(Previously Scott Paper)]. Data collected on releases <strong>of</strong> pulp and paper effluent arefrom the National Pollutant Registry Inventory database, personal communication withcompanies, effluent permits, and company and summary reports. These sourceshave been used to assess contaminant levels and exposure <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon tothese contaminants.A3.11 Environmental Trends in British Columbia: 2007 B State <strong>of</strong> theEnvironmentThe 2007 Environmental Trends in British Columbia report is a review <strong>of</strong> the state <strong>of</strong>the environment. Trends are assessed using 44 indicators <strong>of</strong> environmental health.Indicators which are <strong>of</strong> use to assess the exposure <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon to contaminantsin the Fraser River Basin include water quality indices and contaminant releasesassociated with industrial discharges. The 2007 Environmental Trends report servedas a reference to identify potential data sources that would provide relevant informationon the assessment <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon exposure to contaminants in the Fraser RiverBasin. Additionally, indicators <strong>of</strong> environmental health were identified for use in thisassessment.A3.12 InternetWebsite searches were completed as part <strong>of</strong> research on a variety <strong>of</strong> land-uses.Company websites, provincial summary sites, reports posted on websites, federalsummary sites, industry summary sites and land use websites all aided in compilingboth spatial information on facilities within the Fraser River Basin, as well asinformation regarding details <strong>of</strong> the facilities that were included in the land use tables.A3.13 Personal CommunicationPersonal communication via email was also used in order to receive the most up todate and accurate information for individual companies and organizations.A-24
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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2011 for more information on the lo
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facilities identified in Table 3.11
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Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
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• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
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• Personal care products (fragran
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Page 523 and 524: Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
Page 525 and 526: Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
Page 527 and 528: Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
Page 529 and 530: Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
Page 531 and 532: Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
Page 533 and 534: Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
Page 535 and 536: Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
Page 537 and 538: Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
Page 539 and 540: Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
Page 541 and 542: Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
Page 543 and 544: Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
Page 545 and 546: Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
Page 547 and 548: Appendices
Page 549 and 550: SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
Page 551 and 552: obtained on one species, sometimes
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Page 555 and 556: WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Page 563 and 564: 4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Page 567 and 568: 4. Keyword searches for water quali
Page 569: A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
Page 573 and 574: Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Page 577 and 578: Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
Page 579 and 580: when multiple samples were reported
Page 581 and 582: $ Early rearing of
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Page 585 and 586: In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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Page 589 and 590: deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
Page 591 and 592: Appendix 5. Data description and so
Page 603: Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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