Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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5.5 Summary <strong>of</strong> the Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Concern on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon. . . . . . . . . . 7 0Chapter 6 Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Endocrine DisruptingChemicals and <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern on FraserRiver Sockeye Salmon..................................... 7 36.0 Introduction.............................................. 7 36.1 <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on SockeyeSalmon.................................................. 7 56.1.1 Role <strong>of</strong> the Endocrine System in Fish. .................... 7 56.1.2 Identification <strong>of</strong> Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in theFraser River Basin ................................... 7 66.1.3 Sources and Releases <strong>of</strong> Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicalsin the Fraser River Basin .............................. 7 86.1.4 Pathways for Exposure <strong>of</strong> Fraser River Sockeye Salmon toEndocrine-Disrupting Chemicals ........................ 8 26.1.5 <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals onFish. ............................................. 8 36.1.6 <strong>Potential</strong> Exposure <strong>of</strong> Sockeye Salmon to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Fraser River Basin . ........... 9 56.1.7 <strong>Potential</strong> Risks to Sockeye Salmon Associated withExposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the FraserRiver Basin ....................................... 1006.2 <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern onSockeye Salmon.......................................... 1056.2.1 Identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern in theFraser River Basin .................................. 1066.2.2 Sources and Releases <strong>of</strong> <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> EmergingConcern in the Fraser River Basin ...................... 1076.2.3 <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern onFish. ............................................ 1086.2.4 <strong>Potential</strong> Exposure <strong>of</strong> Sockeye Salmon to <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong>Emerging Concern in the Fraser River Basin .............. 1086.2.5 <strong>Potential</strong> Risks to Sockeye Salmon Associated withExposure to <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern in theFraser River Basin .................................. 1096.3 Discussion on the <strong>Potential</strong> Role <strong>of</strong> Endocrine DisruptingChemicals and <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern in the Decline<strong>of</strong> Fraser River Sockeye Salmon . ............................ 1116.4 Summary............................................... 118Chapter 7 Uncertainty and Data Gap Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217.0 Introduction............................................. 1217.1 Uncertainties Associated with the Conceptual Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217.2 Uncertainties Associated with the <strong>Effects</strong> Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227.3 Uncertainties in the Exposure Assessment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123vii
7.4 Key Data Gaps........................................... 1257.4.1 Identification <strong>of</strong> Chemicals <strong>of</strong> <strong>Potential</strong> Concern. .......... 1257.4.2 Spatial Coverage <strong>of</strong> Environmental Data. ................ 1257.4.3 Temporal Coverage <strong>of</strong> Environmental Data. .............. 1277.4.4 Availability <strong>of</strong> Data on the Contaminant and AncillaryVariables. ........................................ 1277.4.5 Availability <strong>of</strong> Environmental Benchmarks................ 1297.4.6 Information on Interactive <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Multiple<strong>Contaminants</strong>...................................... 1307.4.7 Direct Evaluations <strong>of</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> on Sockeye Salmon........... 1307.4.8 Data Accessibility .................................. 130Chapter 8 Summary and Conclusions. ............................... 1318.0 Introduction............................................. 1318.1 Study Approach.......................................... 1328.2 Temporal and Spatial Scope <strong>of</strong> Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1338.3 Aquatic Contaminant Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1338.4 Preliminary Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Chemicals <strong>of</strong> <strong>Potential</strong> Concern. . . . . . . . . . 1348.5 Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Concern onFraser River Sockeye Salmon................................ 1368.6 Evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and<strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1378.7 Uncertainty and Data Gap Analysis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1388.8 Conclusions............................................. 1388.9 Recommendations. ....................................... 140Chapter 9 References Cited......................................... 142viii
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 12 and 13: List of TablesTabl
Page 14 and 15: Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
Page 16 and 17: Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
Page 20 and 21: Figure 3.17 Map of
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
Page 25 and 26: List of Acronyms2,
Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
Page 29 and 30: To assist it in fulfilling this man
Page 31 and 32: • Development of
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
Page 35 and 36: life history of th
Page 37 and 38: • Pitt River Area of</str
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
Page 41 and 42: and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
Page 43 and 44: 3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
Page 45 and 46: (ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
Page 47 and 48: Effluent toxicity was also included
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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