Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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List <strong>of</strong> TablesTable 2.1Table 2.2Table 2.3Table 2.4Overview <strong>of</strong> 36 conservation units (CUs) for Fraser River sockeyesalmon (Pestal and Cass 2009)............................... T-1Sampling sites for Early Stuart and Early Summer conservationunits (CUs; Pestal and Cass 2009). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-3Sampling sites for summer and late conservation units (CUs; Pestaland Cass 2009)........................................... T-5Sampling sites for river-type conservation units (CUs; Pestal andCass 2009).............................................. T-7Table 3.1 Listing <strong>of</strong> pulp and paper mills in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . T-8Table 3.2 Chemicals <strong>of</strong> potential concern in pulp mill effluents (Suntio et al.1988)................................................. T-10Table 3.3 Listing <strong>of</strong> sawmills, plywood mills, and other wood productfacilities in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-13Table 3.4 Listing <strong>of</strong> wood preservation facilities in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . T-18Table 3.5 Listing <strong>of</strong> cement and concrete facilities in the Fraser River Basin. . . . T-19Table 3.6 Listing <strong>of</strong> seafood processing facilities located in the Fraser RiverBasin................................................. T-21Table 3.7 Listing <strong>of</strong> major mining operations in the Fraser River Basin(facilities undergoing environmental assessment are also listed).. . . . . T-23Table 3.8 Major pipelines transporting oil or gas in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . T-27Table 3.9 Locations <strong>of</strong> gas plants, oil refineries, transmission facilities anddelivery points in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-28Table 3.10 Locations <strong>of</strong> oil and gas well heads in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . . . T-29Table 3.11 Listing <strong>of</strong> bulk storage and shipping facilities in the Fraser RiverBasin................................................. T-30Table 3.12 Listing <strong>of</strong> other manufacturing facilities in the Fraser River Basin. . . . T-32Table 3.13 Overview <strong>of</strong> the distribution <strong>of</strong> contaminated sites within the FraserRiver Basin............................................. T-40Table 3.14 Listing <strong>of</strong> spills reported during March - June 2007, in the FraserRiver Basin............................................. T-41Table 3.15 Listing <strong>of</strong> municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Fraser RiverBasin................................................. T-45Table 3.16 List <strong>of</strong> chemicals frequently detected in municipal wastewater(MacDonald et al. 2007). ................................. T-48Table 3.17 List <strong>of</strong> contaminants <strong>of</strong> emerging concern that are commonlypresent at elevated levels in wastewater treatment plant effluents. . . . T-51Table 3.18 Location <strong>of</strong> municipal and industrial landfills within the Fraser RiverBasin................................................. T-53Table 3.19 Listing <strong>of</strong> salmonid enhancement facilities in the Fraser River Basin. . T-64Table 3.20 Summary <strong>of</strong> forest management activities in the Fraser River Basin.. . T-66Table 3.21 Summary <strong>of</strong> agricultural activities in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . . . . T-71Table 3.22 Listing <strong>of</strong> municipal developments in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . . . . T-73ix
Table 3.23 Estimated annual contaminant loading (in tonnes) from urban run<strong>of</strong>fin the Fraser River (Gray and Tuominen 1999). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-75Table 3.24 Listing <strong>of</strong> potentially active and inactive volcanoes in the FraserRiver Basin............................................. T-76Table 3.25 Summary <strong>of</strong> land use activities by Area <strong>of</strong> Interest in the FraserRiver Basin............................................. T-78Table 3.26 Summary <strong>of</strong> the classes <strong>of</strong> contaminants that are typically releasedin association with various land uses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-79Table 3.27 Listing <strong>of</strong> classes <strong>of</strong> chemicals <strong>of</strong> potential concern that have likelybeen released into aquatic habitats within Areas <strong>of</strong> Interest in theFraser River Basin. ...................................... T-81Table 3.28 Inventory <strong>of</strong> aquatic contaminants in the Fraser River Basin. . . . . . . . T-83Table 4.1Table 4.2Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.6Table 4.7Table 4.8Table 4.9Table 4.10Table 4.11Table 4.12Table 4.13Table 4.14Table 4.15Table 4.16Selected toxicity screening values for assessing surface waterquality conditions in the Fraser River Basin.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-90Selected toxicity screening values (TSV) for assessing sedimentquality conditions in the Fraser River Basin.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-93Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theLower Fraser River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-95Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theUpper Fraser River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-98Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for the PittRiver Area <strong>of</strong> Interest.................................... T-102Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theCultus Lake Area <strong>of</strong> Interest............................... T-104Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theKakawa Lake Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. ............................ T-109Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theLower Thompson River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-111Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theNorth Thompson River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-114Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theSouth Thompson River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-117Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theChilko River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest.............................. T-122Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theQuesnel River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest............................. T-126Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theNechako River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-130Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data for theBowron River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest............................. T-135Summary <strong>of</strong> the available surface-water chemistry data forreference areas within the Fraser River Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T-136Summary <strong>of</strong> the available sediment chemistry data for the FraserRiver Basin............................................ T-139x
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
Page 14 and 15: Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
Page 16 and 17: Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
Page 20 and 21: Figure 3.17 Map of
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
Page 25 and 26: List of Acronyms2,
Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
Page 29 and 30: To assist it in fulfilling this man
Page 31 and 32: • Development of
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
Page 35 and 36: life history of th
Page 37 and 38: • Pitt River Area of</str
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
Page 41 and 42: and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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Page 45 and 46: (ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
Page 47 and 48: Effluent toxicity was also included
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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