Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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5. What information, if any, should be collected in the future to improve ourunderstanding <strong>of</strong> this subject area?Again, it seems important to me that more information be collected on suchcontaminants as PBDE’s that are relatively recent additions to the environment andwhose effects I gather have been inadequately assessed to date. I believe that suchconcerns are <strong>of</strong> global significance, and are certainly not restricted to Fraser sockeyesalmon.Response: See response to the comments provided under Item 4.6. Please provide any specific comments for the authors.I was a little concerned by the length and technical nature <strong>of</strong> the executive summary. Ifelt that this could benefit from more attention. I’d normally expect such a summary tocontain less technical detail, and to focus on overarching summary statements and layexamples that could inform a non-expert <strong>of</strong> the main findings, their significance, andunavoidable uncertainties.To this end, I would suggest that the lengthy discussion <strong>of</strong> background andmethodology be omitted, and that the authors begin with a paragraph that provides aquick summary <strong>of</strong> their major findings, with subsequent paragraphs providing moredetails, caveats, and recommendations.Response: Agree. The Executive Summary was substantially edited toremove the background and methods sections. In addition, major findingswere highlighted at the beginning <strong>of</strong> this section <strong>of</strong> the report. The subsequentparagraphs provide more detailed, caveats, and recommendations.I am also mildly concerned that, despite all the appropriate caveats that the authorshave put forward, some readers may not fully appreciate the difficulties in making suchassessments. Even in far more thoroughly studied problems, such as the potentialeffects <strong>of</strong> dioxins on human health, experts can disagree over what constitutes arelatively safe exposure level by several orders <strong>of</strong> magnitude. Since this sort <strong>of</strong>uncertainty has entered the public debate over the health <strong>of</strong> farmed fish, many readersmight already be somewhat familiar with such debates. Perhaps it might be worthdrawing attention to this sort <strong>of</strong> concern in the executive summary.Response: Agree. The Executive Summary was revised to highlightuncertainty in the selection <strong>of</strong> toxicity screening values and toxicity referencevalues for chemicals <strong>of</strong> potential concern. In addition, uncertainty associatedwith the selection <strong>of</strong> toxicity thresholds for emerging contaminants was brieflydiscussed.My concerns about the potential inconsistencies in the description <strong>of</strong> the methodologymay simply arise from erroneous or misleading wording. Following is a passage frompage 57, lines 2254-2260:A-5
• For substances for which the selected TSV was based on toxicity data fornon-salmonid species, toxicity thresholds were established using one <strong>of</strong> the followingprocedures:1. Identify the lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) obtained in a toxicity testconducted on sockeye salmon or another salmonid species that extended formore than 96 hours. The lowest LC50 was then multiplied by a safety factor <strong>of</strong>0.1, in accordance with CCME (1999) procedures;2. …The opening bullet suggests that the following methods will not use toxicity data onsalmonids, yet it looks as if the first (and subsequent) option calculates the selectedvalue based on salmonid species data. It looks to me as if some passages got mislaidor lost when some components <strong>of</strong> the manuscript were shuffled around.Response: It is agreed that the text in the report is difficult to follow for manyreaders. Accordingly, the introductory paragraph was revised to provide abetter description <strong>of</strong> procedures that were used to identify the toxicitythresholds reported in the literature and the relevance <strong>of</strong> those toxicitythresholds to sockeye salmon. In addition, the subsequent descriptions <strong>of</strong> theprocedures used to establish toxicity thresholds were reviewed and edited toensure that they accurately reflected the methods that were actually used.A-6
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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2011 for more information on the lo
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facilities identified in Table 3.11
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Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
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• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
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• Personal care products (fragran
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Page 523 and 524: Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
Page 525 and 526: Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
Page 527 and 528: Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
Page 529 and 530: Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
Page 531 and 532: Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
Page 533 and 534: Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
Page 535 and 536: Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
Page 537 and 538: Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
Page 539 and 540: Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
Page 541 and 542: Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
Page 543 and 544: Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
Page 545 and 546: Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
Page 547 and 548: Appendices
Page 549 and 550: SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
Page 551: obtained on one species, sometimes
Page 555 and 556: WeaknessesThere is a lot of
Page 557 and 558: Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
Page 559 and 560: the potential effects of</s
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Page 563 and 564: 4. Fish processing plants are fewer
Page 565 and 566: Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
Page 567 and 568: 4. Keyword searches for water quali
Page 569 and 570: A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
Page 571 and 572: River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
Page 573 and 574: Table A3.1. Water quality stations
Page 575 and 576: Table A3.1. Water quality stations
Page 577 and 578: Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
Page 579 and 580: when multiple samples were reported
Page 581 and 582: $ Early rearing of
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Page 585 and 586: In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
Page 587 and 588: • Selecting probable effect conce
Page 589 and 590: deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
Page 591 and 592: Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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