Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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Nirmala, K., Y. Oshima, R. Lee, N. Imada, T. Honjo, and K. Kobayashi. 1999.Transgenerational toxicity <strong>of</strong> tributyltin and its combined effects with polychlorinatedbiphenyls on reproductive processes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18(4):717-721.Nelitz, M., M. Porter, E. Parkinson, K. Wieckowski, D. Marmorek, K. Bryan, A. Hall andD. Abraham. 2011. Evaluating the status <strong>of</strong> Fraser River sockeye salmon and role <strong>of</strong>freshwater ecology in their decline. ESSA Technologies Ltd. Cohen CommissionTech. Rep. 3. In prep. Vancouver, B.C. www.cohencommission.caNOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2009. Factors affectingsockeye salmon returns to the Columbia River in 2008. NOAA Fisheries. NorthwestFisheries Science Center. Seattle, Washington. 37 pp.Noël M., N. Dangerfield, R.A.S. Hourston, W. Belzer, D.P. Shaw, M.B. Yunker, and P.S.Ross. 2009. Do trans-Pacific air masses deliver PBDEs to coastal British Columbia,Canada? Environmental Pollution 157:3404-3412.Novatec Consultants Inc. and EVS Consultants. 1993. Wastewater characterization <strong>of</strong>fish processing plant effluents. Fraser River Action Plan report; 1993-39. 78 p., app.Nowack, B., and T.D. Bucheli. 2007. Occurrence, behavior and effects <strong>of</strong> nanoparticlesin the environment. Environmental Pollution 150:5-22.O'Halloran, K., J.T. Ahokas, and P.F.A. Wright. 1998. The adverse effects <strong>of</strong> aquaticcontaminants on fish immune responses. Australasian Journal <strong>of</strong> Ecotoxicology4:9-28.Oplinger, R.W. and E.J. Wagner. 2009. Toxicity <strong>of</strong> common aquaculture disinfectants toNew Zealand mud snails and mud snail toxicants to rainbow trout eggs. NorthAmerican Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquaculture 71:229-237.Orn, S., P.L. Andersson, L. Forlin, M. Tysklind, and L. Norrgren. 1998. The impact <strong>of</strong>reproduction <strong>of</strong> an orally administered mixture <strong>of</strong> selected PCBs in Zebrafish (Daniorerio). Archives <strong>of</strong> Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 35:52-57.Pait, A.S. and J.O. Nelson. 2002. Endocrine disruption in fish: an assessment <strong>of</strong> recentresearch and results. NOAA Technical Memo. NOS NCCOS CCMA 149. SilverSpring, MD: NOAA, NOS, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment. 55 pp.Pestal, G. and A. Cass. 2009. Using qualitative risk evaluations to prioritize resourcesassessment activities for Fraser River sockeye. Canadian Scientific AdvisorySecretariat Research Document 2009/071. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 81 pp.Peterman, R.M. and B. Dorner. 2011. Fraser River sockeye production dynamics. CohenCommission Tech. Rep. 10. In prep. Vancouver, B.C. www.cohencommission.ca157
Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Beckman, M. Bradford, N. Mantua, B.E. Riddell, M.Scheuerell, M. Staley, K. Wieckowski, J.R. Winton, C.C. Wood. 2010. Synthesis <strong>of</strong>evidence from a workshop on the decline <strong>of</strong> Fraser River sockeye. June 15-17, 2010.A Report to the Pacific Salmon Commission. Vancouver, British Columbia. 123 pp.+ 35 pp appendices.Porter, P.S. and R.C. Ward. 1991. Estimating central tendency from uncensored tracelevel measurements. Water Resources Bulletin 27(4):687-700. (As cited in USACE1995).Rescan 2008 (Rescan Environmental Services Ltd.). 2008. EKATI Diamond Mine:Site-Specific Water Quality Objective for Chloride. Prepared for BPH BillitonDiamonds Inc. Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Prepared by RescanEnvironmental Services. Yellowknife, Northwest Territories.Ricard, A.C., C. Daniel, P. Anderson, and A. Hontela. 1998. <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> subchronicexposure to cadmium chloride on endocrine and metabolic functions in rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss. Archives <strong>of</strong> Environmental Contamination and Toxicology34:377-381. (As cited in Pait and Nelson 2002).Rivas, C., I. Bandin, C. Cepeda, and C.P. Dopazo. 1994. Efficacy <strong>of</strong> chemicaldisinfectants against turbot aquareovirus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology60(6):2168-2169.Ruby, S.M., R. Hall, and P. Anderson. 2000. Sublethal lead affects pituitary function <strong>of</strong>rainbow trout during exogenous vitellogenesis. Archives <strong>of</strong> EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology 38:46-51. (As cited in Pait and Nelson 2002).Rudd, J.W. 1995. Sources <strong>of</strong> methyl mercury to freshwater ecosystems: A review.Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 80(1-4):697-713.SAB (Science Advisory Board). 2005. Report on screening level risk assessment. SLRAlevel 1 and SLRA level 2. Science Advisory Board for Contaminated Sites in BritishColumbia. Submitted to the Ministry <strong>of</strong> the Environment. Victoria, British Columbia.Saffran, K., K. Cash, K. Hallard, B. Neary, and R. Wright. 2001. CCME Water QualityIndex 1.0 User’s Manual. Prepared for the Water Quality Index TechnicalSubcommittee. Canadian Council <strong>of</strong> Ministers <strong>of</strong> the Environment Water QualityGuidelines Task Group. 5 pp.Samis, S.C., S.D. Liu, B.G. Wernick, and M.D. Nassichuk. 1999. Mitigation <strong>of</strong> fisheriesimpacts from the use and disposal <strong>of</strong> wood residue in British Columbia and the Yukon.Canadian Technical Report <strong>of</strong> Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2296. Fisheries andOceans Canada. Environment Canada. Vancouver, British Columbia. 84 pp + App.158
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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2011 for more information on the lo
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facilities identified in Table 3.11
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Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
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• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
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• Personal care products (fragran
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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Page 135 and 136: these substances to aquatic ecosyst
Page 137 and 138: • Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
Page 139 and 140: chemicals of poten
Page 141 and 142: productivity data, it is apparent t
Page 143 and 144: • Sufficiency - For a cause and e
Page 145 and 146: infection by various disease agents
Page 147 and 148: magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
Page 149 and 150: potential concern were documented a
Page 151 and 152: pathways and the intensity and exte
Page 153 and 154: Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
Page 155 and 156: • The majority of</strong
Page 157 and 158: 7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
Page 159 and 160: • Development of
Page 161 and 162: 8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
Page 163 and 164: 8.5 Evaluation of
Page 165 and 166: the low returns of
Page 167 and 168: 8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
Page 171 and 172: Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
Page 173 and 174: EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
Page 175 and 176: Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
Page 177 and 178: Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
Page 179 and 180: Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
Page 181 and 182: MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
Page 183: Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
Page 187 and 188: Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
Page 189 and 190: USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
Page 191 and 192: Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
Page 193 and 194: Table 2.1. Overview of</str
Page 195 and 196: Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
Page 197 and 198: Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
Page 199 and 200: Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
Page 201 and 202: Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
Page 219 and 220: Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
Page 221 and 222: Table 3.10. Locations of</s
Page 223 and 224: Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.14. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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