Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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Jobling, S. and C.R. Tyler. 2003a. Endocrine disruption, parasites and pollutants in wildfreshwater fish. Parasitology 126:S103-S108.Jobling, S. and C.R. Tyler. 2003b. Topic 4.3 Endocrine disruption in wild freshwaterfish. Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 75(11-12):2219-2234.Jobling, S., T. Reynolds, R. White, M.G. Parkerm and J.P. Sumpter. 1995. A variety <strong>of</strong>environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weaklyestrogenic. Environmental Health Perspectives 103(6):582-587.Jobling, S., M. Nolan, C.R. Tyler, G. Brighty, and J.P. Sumpter. 1998. Widespreadsexual disruption in wild fish. Environmental Science and Technology32(17):2498-2506.Johannessen, D.J. and P.S. Ross. 2002. Late-run sockeye at risk: An overview <strong>of</strong>environmental contaminants in Fraser River salmon habitat. Canadian TechnicalReport <strong>of</strong> Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2429. 108 pp.Johannessen, S.C., Macdonald R.W., Wright C.A., Burd B., Shaw D.P., van RoodselaarA. 2008. Joined by geochemistry, divided by history: PCBs and PBDEs in Strait <strong>of</strong>Georgia sediments. Marine Environmental Research 66:S112-S120.Johnson, L., M.L. Willis, P.O. Olson, R.W. Pearse, C.A. Sloan, and G.M. Ylitalo. 2010.Contaminant concentrations in juvenile fall chinook salmon from the Columbia Riverhatcheries. North American Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquaculture 72(1):73-92.Jokela, P and P. Keskitalo. 1999. Plywood mill water system closure by dissolved airflotation treatment. Water Science and Technology 40(11-12):33-41.JWQB (Japan Water Quality Bureau). 1998. Water environment management in Japan.Water Quality Bureau Environment Agency. Tokyo, Japan.Kelly, B.C., S.L. Gray, M.G. Ikonomou, J.S. Macdonald, S.M. Bandiera, and E.G.Hrycay. 2007. Lipid reserve dynamics and magnification <strong>of</strong> persistent organicpollutants in spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Fraser River,British Columbia. Environmental Science and Technology 41:3083-3089.McKinnell, S.M., E. Curchitser, C. Groot, M. Kaeriyama and K.W. Myers. 2011. Thedecline <strong>of</strong> Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Steller, 1743) in relationto marine ecology. PICES Advisory Report. Cohen Commission Tech. Rep. 4. Inprep. Vancouver, B.C. www.cohencommission.ca151
Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. Ingersoll, J.L. Kunz, P. Sibley, D.L. Calhoun, R.J.Gilliom, K.M. Kuivila, L.H. Nowell, and P.W. Moran. 2010. <strong>Contaminants</strong> in streamsediments from seven U.S. metropolitan areas: III. Sediment toxicity to the amphipod,Hyalella azteca, and the midge, Chironomus dilutus. (In review). Submitted toEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry.Khan, I.A. and P. Thomas. 1998. Estradiol-17B and o,p’-DDT stimulate gonadotropinrelease in Atlantic croaker. Marine Environmental Research 46:149-152. (As cited inPait and Nelson 2002).Knudsen, F.R. and T.G. Pottinger. 1999. Interaction <strong>of</strong> endocrine disrupting chemicals,singly and in combination, with estrogen-, androgen-, and corticosteroid-binding sitesin rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology 44:159–170.Kringstad, K.P., and K. Lindstrom. 1984. Spent liquors from pulp bleaching.Environmental Science and Technology 18(8):236A-248A.Krummel, E.M., R.W. Macdonald, L.E. Kimpe, I. Gregory-Eaves, M.L. Demers, J.P.Smol, B. Finney, and J.M. Blais. 2003. Delivery <strong>of</strong> pollutants by spawning salmon.Nature Vol 425:255-256.Lange, R., T.H. Hutchinson, C.P. Croudace, F. Siegmund, H. Schweinfurth, P. Hampe,G.H. Panter, and J.P. Sumpter. 2001. <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> the synthetic estrogen17a-ethinylestradiol on the life-cycle <strong>of</strong> the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol 20(6):1216-1227. (As cited in Pait andNelson 2002).Lapointe, M. 2010. Fraser sockeye stocks - Production changes. In: P. Gallaugher andL. Wood (Eds). Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the summit on Fraser River sockeye salmon:Understanding stock declines and prospects for the future. March 30-31, 2010.Continuing Studies in Sciences and Centre for Coastal Studies. Simon FraserUniversity. Vancouver, British Columbia. 178 pp + App.Larsson, D.G.J., M. Adolfsson-Erici, J. Parkkonen, M. Pettersson, A.H. Berg, P.E.Olsson, and L. Forlin. 1999. Ethinylestradiol - an undesired fish contraceptive?Aquatic Toxicology 45:91-97. (As cited in Pait and Nelson 2002).Lema, S.C., I.R. Schultz, N.L. Scholz, J.P. Incardona, P. Swanson. 2007. Neural defectsand cardiac arrhythmia in fish larvae following embryonic exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromophenyl ether (PBDE-47). Aquatic Toxicology 82(4):296-307.Lindholst, C., K.L. Pedersen, and S.N. Pedersen. 2000. Estrogenic response <strong>of</strong> bisphenolA in rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology 48(2-3):87-94.152
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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2011 for more information on the lo
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facilities identified in Table 3.11
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Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
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• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
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• Personal care products (fragran
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
Page 127 and 128: point and non-point source discharg
Page 129 and 130: Location of NatalS
Page 131 and 132: Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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Page 135 and 136: these substances to aquatic ecosyst
Page 137 and 138: • Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
Page 139 and 140: chemicals of poten
Page 141 and 142: productivity data, it is apparent t
Page 143 and 144: • Sufficiency - For a cause and e
Page 145 and 146: infection by various disease agents
Page 147 and 148: magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
Page 149 and 150: potential concern were documented a
Page 151 and 152: pathways and the intensity and exte
Page 153 and 154: Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
Page 155 and 156: • The majority of</strong
Page 157 and 158: 7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
Page 159 and 160: • Development of
Page 161 and 162: 8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
Page 163 and 164: 8.5 Evaluation of
Page 165 and 166: the low returns of
Page 167 and 168: 8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
Page 171 and 172: Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
Page 173 and 174: EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
Page 175 and 176: Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
Page 177: Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
Page 181 and 182: MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
Page 183 and 184: Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
Page 185 and 186: Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
Page 187 and 188: Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
Page 189 and 190: USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
Page 191 and 192: Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
Page 193 and 194: Table 2.1. Overview of</str
Page 195 and 196: Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
Page 197 and 198: Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
Page 199 and 200: Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
Page 201 and 202: Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
Page 219 and 220: Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
Page 221 and 222: Table 3.10. Locations of</s
Page 223 and 224: Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.12. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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