Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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Haggarty, D.R., B. McCorquodale, D.I. Johannessen, C.D. Levings, and P.S. Ross. 2003.Marine environmental quality in the central coast <strong>of</strong> British Columbia, Canada: Areview <strong>of</strong> contaminant sources, types and risks. Canadian Technical Report <strong>of</strong>Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2507. 153 pp.Hakeem, A.S. and S. Bhatnagar. 2010. Heavy metal reduction <strong>of</strong> pulp and paper milleffluent by indigenous microbes. Asian Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Biological Sciences1(1):201-203.Hannigan P., P.J. Lee, K. Osadetz et al. 1998. Offshore oil and gas potential in BritishColumbia. 1993-1998. Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Canada. Unpublished. Map accessedonline at http://www.empr.gov.bc.ca/OG/oilandgas/publications/pamphlets/Documents/OilandGas. Access date January 2011.Harrison, H.C., J.L. Parke, E.A. Oelke, A.R. Kaminski, B.D. Hudelson, L.J. Martin, K.A.Kelling, and L.K. Binning. 1991. Alternative Field Crops Manual: Ginseng.University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. University <strong>of</strong> Minnesota, Minneapolis,Minnesota. 8 pp.Hartman, W.L., W.R. Heard, and B. Drucker. 1967. Migratory behaviour <strong>of</strong> sockeyesalmon fry and smolts. Journal <strong>of</strong> the Fisheries Research Board <strong>of</strong> Canada 24:2069-2099.Hemmer, M.J., B.L. Hemmer, C.J. Bowman, K.J. Kroll, L.C. Folmar, D. Marcovich,M.D. Hoglund, and N.D. Denslow. 2001. <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> p-nonyphenol, methoxychlor,and endosulfan on vitellogenin induction and expression in sheepshead minnow(Cyprinodon variegatus). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20(2):336-343.(As cited in Pait and Nelson 2002).Hendry, A.P. and O.K. Berg. 1999. Secondary sexual characters, energy use, senescence,and the cost <strong>of</strong> reproduction in sockeye salmon. Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology 77:1663-1675. (As cited in deBruyn et al. 2004).Henshel, D.S., D.W. Sparks, T.P. Simon, and M.J. Tosick. 2006a. Age structure andgrowth <strong>of</strong> Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill) in PCB-contaminated streams. Journal<strong>of</strong> Fish Biology 68:44-62.Henshel, D.S., D.W. Sparks, T.P. Simon, and M.J. Tosick. 2006b. Developmentaldeformities, internal anomalies and bilateral asymmetry in Creek chub (Semotilusatromaculatus) (Mitchill) in PCB-contaminated streams in Indiana. In preparation.Herrmann, R. 2001. Chemical and biotic processes affecting the fate and transport <strong>of</strong>trace organic contaminants in municipal landfills: a discussion. Journal <strong>of</strong> Hydrology(NZ) 40(1):43-57.149
Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011. A review <strong>of</strong> potential climate change effects onsurvival <strong>of</strong> Fraser River sockeye salmon and an analysis <strong>of</strong> interannual trends in enroute loss and pre-spawn mortality. Cohen Commission Tech. Rep. 9. In prep.Vancouver, British Columbia. www.cohencommission.caHolm, G., L. Norrgren, T. Andersson, and A. Thuren. 1993. <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> exposure to foodcontaminated with PBDE, PCN, or PCB on reproduction, liver morphology, andcytochrome P450 activity in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus.Aquatic Toxicology 27(2):33-50.Holmes, R.W., B.S. Anderson, B.M. Phillips, J.W. Hunt, D.B. Crane, A. Mekebri, and V.Connor. 2008. Statewide investigation <strong>of</strong> the role <strong>of</strong> pyrethroid pesticides in sedimenttoxicity in California’s urban waterways. Environmental Science and Technology42(18):7003-7009.Holtby, L.B. and K.A. Ciruna. 2007. Conservation units for Pacific salmon under theWild Salmon Policy. Canadian Scientific Advisory Secretariat Research Document2007/070. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 81 pp.Hussain, T. and M.A. Gondal. 2008. Detection <strong>of</strong> toxic metals in waste water from dairyproducts plant using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Bulletin <strong>of</strong>Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 80:561-565.IPCS (International Program on Chemical Safety). Environmental health criteria number152. Polybrominated biphenyls. World Health Organization. Geneva.Jacobson, K.C., M.R. Arkoosh, A.N. Kagley, E.R. Clemons, T.K. Collier, and E. Casillas.2003. Cumulative effects <strong>of</strong> natural and anthropogenic stress on immune function anddisease resistance in juvenile chinook salmon. Journal <strong>of</strong> Aquatic Animal Health15:1-12.Janz, D.M., M.E. McMaster, L.P. Weber, K.R. Munkittrick, and G. Van der Kraak.2001. Recovery <strong>of</strong> overy size, follicle cell apoptosis, and HSP70 expression in fishexposed to bleached pulp mill effluent. Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong> Fisheries and AquaticSciences 58:620-625.Jarvinen, A.W. and G.T. Ankley. 1999. Linkage <strong>of</strong> effects to tissue residues:Development <strong>of</strong> a comprehensive database for aquatic organisms exposed to inorganicand organic chemicals. SETAC Foundation for Environmental Education. Pensacola,Florida.Jobling, S. and J.P. Sumpter. 1993. Detergent components in sewage effluent are weaklyoestrogenic to fish: An in vitro study using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)hepatocytes. Aquatic Toxicology 27:361-372.150
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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2011 for more information on the lo
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facilities identified in Table 3.11
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Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
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• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
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• Personal care products (fragran
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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Page 127 and 128: point and non-point source discharg
Page 129 and 130: Location of NatalS
Page 131 and 132: Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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Page 135 and 136: these substances to aquatic ecosyst
Page 137 and 138: • Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
Page 139 and 140: chemicals of poten
Page 141 and 142: productivity data, it is apparent t
Page 143 and 144: • Sufficiency - For a cause and e
Page 145 and 146: infection by various disease agents
Page 147 and 148: magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
Page 149 and 150: potential concern were documented a
Page 151 and 152: pathways and the intensity and exte
Page 153 and 154: Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
Page 155 and 156: • The majority of</strong
Page 157 and 158: 7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
Page 159 and 160: • Development of
Page 161 and 162: 8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
Page 163 and 164: 8.5 Evaluation of
Page 165 and 166: the low returns of
Page 167 and 168: 8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
Page 171 and 172: Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
Page 173 and 174: EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
Page 175: Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
Page 179 and 180: Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
Page 181 and 182: MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
Page 183 and 184: Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
Page 185 and 186: Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
Page 187 and 188: Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
Page 189 and 190: USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
Page 191 and 192: Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
Page 193 and 194: Table 2.1. Overview of</str
Page 195 and 196: Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
Page 197 and 198: Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
Page 199 and 200: Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
Page 201 and 202: Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
Page 219 and 220: Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
Page 221 and 222: Table 3.10. Locations of</s
Page 223 and 224: Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.12. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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