Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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• Chapter 6 - Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Endocrine DisruptingChemicals and Other <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Emerging Concern on Fraser RiverSockeye Salmon: This chapter describes the procedures that were used toevaluate the potential effects <strong>of</strong> endocrine disrupting chemicals and othercontaminants <strong>of</strong> emerging concern on sockeye salmon in the Fraser RiverBasin. The results <strong>of</strong> that evaluation are also presented;• Chapter 7 - Uncertainty and Key Data Gaps: This chapter describes theuncertainties in the assessments <strong>of</strong> the potential effects <strong>of</strong> aquatic contaminantson sockeye salmon in the Fraser River Basin. Key data gaps are also identifiedin this chapter; and,• Chapter 8 - Summary and Conclusions: This chapter presents a summary <strong>of</strong>the study results and <strong>of</strong>fers a series <strong>of</strong> recommendations to address the datagaps identified earlier in the document.• Chapter 9 - References Cited: A list <strong>of</strong> reference citations for references usedint his report.• Appendices - Appendix 1, Statement <strong>of</strong> Work; Appendix 2, Reviewer'scomments on the first draft and response to comments; Appendix 3, DataAcquisition Plan; Appendix 4 - Data Methodology and Treatment; Appendix 5- Data Description and Sources for all Maps.5
Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal Scope <strong>of</strong> the Investigation2.0 IntroductionThis investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential effects <strong>of</strong> contaminants onsockeye salmon utilizing habitats within the Fraser River Basin (Figure 2.1). Evaluation <strong>of</strong>the effects <strong>of</strong> contaminants requires an understanding <strong>of</strong> the life history <strong>of</strong> the sockeyesalmon that utilize habitats within the Fraser River basin for key elements <strong>of</strong> their lifecycles. Such information is needed to identify where and when sockeye salmon could beexposed to environmental contaminants. This chapter provides a brief overview <strong>of</strong> the lifehistory <strong>of</strong> Fraser River sockeye salmon and conservation units that have been identified formanaging these salmon stocks. In turn, this information was used to identify thegeographic and temporal scope <strong>of</strong> the investigation.2.1 Life History <strong>of</strong> Fraser River Sockeye SalmonSockeye salmon utilizing habitats in the Fraser River Basin (Figure 2.2) exhibit a diversearray <strong>of</strong> life history patterns. The life cycle <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon begins when the femalesreturn to their natal streams to spawn. The timing <strong>of</strong> arrival at the mouth <strong>of</strong> the FraserRiver varies considerably among sockeye salmon stocks, generally ranging from early Juneto early September (Burgner 1991; Lapointe 2010). Upon arrival, sockeye salmon canmill at the river mouth for a period <strong>of</strong> up to six weeks prior to initiating their ascent up theriver (Johannessen and Ross 2002). Once in the river, sockeye salmon cover distances <strong>of</strong>up to 1000 km over a period <strong>of</strong> up to 24 days (averaging 35 to 50 km/day; Burgner 1991).Hence, migrating sockeye salmon can be in the Fraser River between about the middle <strong>of</strong>June and the middle <strong>of</strong> September each year.Spawning generally occurs in the late summer and early fall (i.e., about mid-August tomid-October), with northern stocks typically spawning earliest and lower Fraser Rivertributary stocks spawning latest (McPhail 2007). These differences in spawning timing aredirectly related to the temperature regime <strong>of</strong> the spawning site and appear to be anadaptation to synchronize emergence timing in the spring (Brannon 1987). Spawningtypically takes place in tributaries to lakes, within lakes, or in outlet streams from lakes inhabitats dominated by gravel and cobbles. After digging a nest (or redd), female sockeyesalmon typically deposit about 2000 to 4000 eggs into the stream-bed or lake-bedsubstrate, which are simultaneously fertilized by one or more males (Burgner 1991).Adult sockeye salmon die after spawning.6
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
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Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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