Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 2010a. Endocrine disruptorsresearch. National Center for Environmental Research.http://www.epa.gov/endocrine/.USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 2010b. Aquatic life criteriafor selenium. http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/waterquality/standards/criteria/aqlife/pollutants/selenium/questions.cfmUSGS (United States Geological Survey). 2010. Target compounds for nationalreconnaissance <strong>of</strong> emerging contaminants in US Streams.Http://toxics.usgs.gov/regional/contaminants.html.van der Weiden, M.E., J. van der Kolk, R. Bleumink, W. Seinen, and M. van den Berg.1992. Concurrence <strong>of</strong> P450 1A1 induction and toxic effects after administration <strong>of</strong> alow dose <strong>of</strong> 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the rainbow trout(Onchorynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology 24:123-142.Varanasi, U., E. Casillas, M.R. Arkoosh, T. Hom, D.A. Misitano, D.W. Brown, S.L.Chan, T.K. Collier, B.B. McCain, and J.E. Stein. 1993. Contaminant exposure andassociated biological effects in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)from urban and nonurban estuaries <strong>of</strong> Puget Sound. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Commerce,NOAA Technical Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-8. Seattle, Washington. 112 pp.Veldhoen, N., M.G. Ikonomou, C. Dubetz, N. MacPherson, T. Sampson, B.C. Kelly, andC.C. Helbing. 2010. Gene expression pr<strong>of</strong>iling and environmental contaminantassessment <strong>of</strong> migrating Pacific salmon in the Fraser River watershed <strong>of</strong> BritishColumbia. Aquatic Toxicology 97:212-225.Velsen, F.P.J. 1980. Embryonic development in eggs <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchusnerka. Canadian Special Publication on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49. 19 pp.Verrin, S.M., S.J. Begg, and P.S. Ross. 2004. Pesticide use in British Columbia and theYukon: An assessment <strong>of</strong> types, applications, and risks to aquatic biota. CanadianTechnical Report <strong>of</strong> Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2517: xvi + 209p.Walden, C.C., D.J. McLeay and A.B. McKague. 1986. Cellulose production process. In:The Handbook for Environmental Chemistry, O. Hutzinger (Ed.), Springer-VerlagBerlin Heidelberg,Germany, Volume 3, Part D, 1-34. (As cited in EnvironmentCanada and Health Canada 1991).Walker, M.K. and R.E. Peterson. 1991. Potencies <strong>of</strong> polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin,dibenz<strong>of</strong>uran and biphenyl congeners, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinfor producing early life state mortality in rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss).Aquatic Toxicology 21:219-238.163
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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2011 for more information on the lo
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facilities identified in Table 3.11
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Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
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• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
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• Personal care products (fragran
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
Page 139 and 140: chemicals of poten
Page 141 and 142: productivity data, it is apparent t
Page 143 and 144: • Sufficiency - For a cause and e
Page 145 and 146: infection by various disease agents
Page 147 and 148: magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
Page 149 and 150: potential concern were documented a
Page 151 and 152: pathways and the intensity and exte
Page 153 and 154: Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
Page 155 and 156: • The majority of</strong
Page 157 and 158: 7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
Page 159 and 160: • Development of
Page 161 and 162: 8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
Page 163 and 164: 8.5 Evaluation of
Page 165 and 166: the low returns of
Page 167 and 168: 8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
Page 171 and 172: Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
Page 173 and 174: EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
Page 175 and 176: Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
Page 177 and 178: Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
Page 179 and 180: Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
Page 181 and 182: MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
Page 183 and 184: Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
Page 185 and 186: Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
Page 187 and 188: Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
Page 189: USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
Page 193 and 194: Table 2.1. Overview of</str
Page 195 and 196: Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
Page 197 and 198: Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
Page 199 and 200: Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
Page 201 and 202: Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
Page 203 and 204: Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
Page 219 and 220: Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
Page 221 and 222: Table 3.10. Locations of</s
Page 223 and 224: Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.19. Listing of</str
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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