Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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Oil and gas developments can be associated with releases <strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> chemicalsubstances into aquatic ecosystems. The substances that may be released in associationwith oil and gas developments include (Haggarty et al. 2003):• Metals (barium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, strontium, vanadium, and zinc);• Petroleum hydrocarbons (lube oils, diesel range organics, alkanes, extractablepetroleum hydrocarbons)• Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene);and,• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., parent PAHs, alkylated PAHs, totalPAHs).As exploration and development activities have been limited within the study area, it isanticipated that releases <strong>of</strong> contaminants from oil and gas developments have been largelyassociated with spills associated with oil transmission facilities. No information waslocated on spills <strong>of</strong> oil or other materials from oil pipelines or related facilities in the FraserRiver Basin. Therefore, the extent to which oil and gas-related contaminants have beenreleased to aquatic ecosystems within the study area is unknown.3.1.1.8 Bulk Storage and Shipping FacilitiesThere are a total <strong>of</strong> 24 bulk storage and/or shipping facilities located within the FraserRiver Basin, with the majority <strong>of</strong> these facilities located within the Lower Fraser RiverArea <strong>of</strong> Interest (Figure 3.8; Table 3.11). Many <strong>of</strong> these facilities are refrigerated storageand shipping operations (7) or warehousing and shipping operations (12). However,manufacturing, warehousing, storage, and shipping is conducted at one <strong>of</strong> these facilities(i.e., Exel Global Logistics Canada Inc.). In addition, import and export <strong>of</strong> freight, cargo,and/or containers by ship is conducted at three <strong>of</strong> these facilities (i.e., Fraser-Surrey DocksLP, Hutchinson Cargo Terminal Inc., and Locher Evers International). One <strong>of</strong> thesefacilities is a fuel storage site that is operated by Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc.Finally, there are four in-river log storage areas located in the Lower Fraser River Area <strong>of</strong>Interest (see Nelitz et al. 2011 for more information).The contaminants that could be released into the aquatic ecosystem from bulk storage andshipping facilities depend on the types <strong>of</strong> products that are stored on site, the mode <strong>of</strong>transport utilized, the number and quantity <strong>of</strong> spills that occur, and the proximity to theriver or other drainage pathways. No information was located to determine if any <strong>of</strong> the23
facilities identified in Table 3.11 have permitted discharges to the Fraser River or itstributaries. In addition, detailed information <strong>of</strong> the types <strong>of</strong> products stored at or shippedfrom these facilities was located only for a subset <strong>of</strong> the operations. Therefore, it isdifficult to develop a detailed list <strong>of</strong> contaminants that have been released into aquaticecosystems in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> these facilities. Nevertheless, the following provides a list <strong>of</strong>substances that could be released from one or more <strong>of</strong> the facilities located within theFraser River Basin include:• Metals (arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc);• Organotins (tributyltin and other antifouling agents);• Petroleum hydrocarbons (oil and grease, diesel range organics, alkanes,extractable petroleum hydrocarbons)• Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene);and,• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., parent PAHs, alkylated PAHs, totalPAHs).Such contaminants would primarily be associated with spills <strong>of</strong> oil or other fuels and/orsloughing <strong>of</strong> antifouling paints from seagoing vessels.3.1.1.9 Other Manufacturing FacilitiesAlthough manufacturing is not typically considered to be a major industrial sector inBritish Columbia, there are numerous facilities located throughout the Fraser River Basin(Figure 3.9; Table 3.12). For example, there are five wood-pellet manufacturing facilitieslocated in the Upper Fraser River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest (i.e., between Williams Lake and PrinceGeorge) that are operated by Pacific Bioenergy Corp. and Pinnacle Pellet Inc. In addition,Brink Forest Products Ltd. operates a finger-jointed lumber manufacturing facility in theNechako River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. It is anticipated that effluent discharged from thesefacilities and/or run<strong>of</strong>f from these sites could have chemical characteristics similar to thoseidentified for sawmills and/or plywood mills (see Section 3.1.1.2 for further information).Within the Thompson River watershed, at least three manufacturing facilities are locatedin the South Thompson River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest and at least one facility is located in theLower Thompson River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest. In the South Thompson Area <strong>of</strong> Interest, rubberproduct manufacturing (Din<strong>of</strong>lex Manufacturing Ltd.), truck trailer manufacturing(Doepker Industries Ltd.), and printing-related manufacturing (Pollard Banknote Ltd.)24
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
Page 12 and 13: List of TablesTabl
Page 14 and 15: Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
Page 16 and 17: Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
Page 20 and 21: Figure 3.17 Map of
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
Page 25 and 26: List of Acronyms2,
Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
Page 29 and 30: To assist it in fulfilling this man
Page 31 and 32: • Development of
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
Page 35 and 36: life history of th
Page 37 and 38: • Pitt River Area of</str
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
Page 41 and 42: and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
Page 43 and 44: 3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
Page 45 and 46: (ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
Page 47 and 48: Effluent toxicity was also included
Page 49: 2011 for more information on the lo
Page 53 and 54: Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
Page 55 and 56: • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Page 57 and 58: 3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
Page 59 and 60: • Personal care products (fragran
Page 61 and 62: with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
Page 63 and 64: In summary, the contaminants that c
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Page 67 and 68: 3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
Page 69 and 70: the substances most amenable to lon
Page 71 and 72: • Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
Page 73 and 74: were used in the effects and exposu
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Page 77 and 78: • Data collected for migration co
Page 79 and 80: Hazard quotients were calculated fo
Page 81 and 82: Many other substances have the pote
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Page 85 and 86: For surface water and sediment, the
Page 87 and 88: 3. For hardness-dependent water qua
Page 89 and 90: • 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
Page 91 and 92: concern by area of
Page 93 and 94: 0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
Page 95 and 96: least time rearing in freshwater ha
Page 97 and 98: The results of thi
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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