Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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hazard quotients > 1.0 were considered to pose potential risks to sockeye salmon andwere retained as contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern, while chemicals <strong>of</strong> potential concern withinsufficient data to support calculation <strong>of</strong> an exposure point concentration wereretained as uncertain contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern and were brought forward to theEvaluation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Potential</strong> <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Emerging<strong>Contaminants</strong> on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon (Chapter 6).The contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern identified in the preliminary evaluation (described above)were brought forward for further refinement. Specifically, those contaminants <strong>of</strong>concern with hazard quotients greater than or equal to 2.0 were retained ascontaminants <strong>of</strong> concern for further evaluation. All other contaminants <strong>of</strong> concernwere eliminated from further analysis. <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> concern were then evaluatedin conjunction with salmonid-specific toxicity thresholds to more accurately evaluatethe potential risks <strong>of</strong> contaminant exposure to sockeye salmon, using the followingequation:HQ = EPC / TTWhere: HQ = Hazard Quotient;EPC = Exposure Point Concentration (95 th Percentile for eachindividual contaminant <strong>of</strong> concern); and,TT = Toxicity Threshold.The contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern with hazard quotients greater than or equal to 1.0 in thissubsequent evaluation were considered to be at concentrations sufficient to adverselyaffect the survival, growth, or reproduction <strong>of</strong> Fraser River sockeye salmon.A4.4 References CitedBCMOE (British Columbia Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment). 2010. British Columbia approvedwater quality guidelines (criteria). Environmental Protection Division.Victoria, British Columbia.http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/wq_guidelines.html.CCME (Canadian Council <strong>of</strong> Ministers <strong>of</strong> the Environment). 1999. Canadianenvironmental quality guidelines. Guidelines and Standards Division.Environment Canada. Winnipeg, Manitoba. Includes updates to 2010.CCME (Canadian Council <strong>of</strong> Ministers <strong>of</strong> the Environment). 2001. CCME WaterQuality Index 1.0 Technical Report. 13 pp.Clarke, J.U. and D.L. Brandon. 1994. Less than detection limit data - A problem forstatistical analysis and decision making in dredged material disposalevaluations. Environmental <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Dredging Volume D-94-1.Waterways Experiment Station. US Army Corps <strong>of</strong> Engineers. Vicksburg,Mississippi.A-41
deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Ikonomou, F.A.P.C. Gobas. 2004. Magnificationand toxicity <strong>of</strong> PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in upriver-migrating Pacificsalmon. Environmental Science and Technology 38(23):6217-6224.Dillon, T, N. Beckvar, and J. Kern. 2010. Residue-based mercury dose-response infish: an analysis using lethality-equivalent test endpoints. EnvironmentalToxicology and Chemistry 29:1-7.El-Shaawari, A.H., and S.R. Esterby.1992. Replacement <strong>of</strong> censored observations by a constant: Anevaluation. Water Research 26(6):835-844. (As cited in USACE 1995).Gaskin, J.E., T. Dafoe, and P. Brooksbank. 1990. Estimation <strong>of</strong> analytical valuesfrom sub-detection limit measurements for water quality parameters.Analyst 115:507-510. (As cited in USACE 1995).Giesy, J.P., P.D. Jones, K. Kannan, J.L. Newsted, D.E. Tillitt, and L.L. Williams. 2002.<strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> chronic dietary exposure to environmentally relevantconcentrations <strong>of</strong> 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on survival, growth,reproduction and biochemical responses <strong>of</strong> female rainbow trout(Onchorynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology 59:35-53.JWQB (Japan Water Quality Bureau). 1998. Water environment management inJapan. Water Quality Bureau Environment Agency. Tokyo, Japan.MacDonald, D.D. 1994. Approach to the assessment <strong>of</strong> sediment quality in Floridacoastal waters. Volume 1: Development and evaluation <strong>of</strong> sedimentquality assessment guidelines. Report prepared for Florida Department <strong>of</strong>Environmental Protection. Tallahassee, Florida.MacDonald, D.D., C.G. Ingersoll, and T.A. Berger. 2000a. Development andevaluation <strong>of</strong> consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwaterecosystems. Archives <strong>of</strong> Environmental Contamination and Toxicology39:20-31.MacDonald, D.D., L.M. DiPinto, J. Field, C.G. Ingersoll, E.R. Long, and R.C. Swartz.2000b. Development and evaluation <strong>of</strong> consensus-based sediment effectconcentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). EnvironmentalToxicology and Chemistry 19:1403-1413.Nagpal, N.K., L.W. Pommen, and L.G. Swain. 2006 (update). A compendium <strong>of</strong>working water quality guidelines for British Columbia. Science andInformation Branch. Environmental Protection Division. Ministry <strong>of</strong>Environment. Victoria, British Columbia.http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/ BCguidelines/working.html.Porter, P.S. and R.C. Ward. 1991. Estimating central tendency from uncensoredtrace level measurements. Water Resources Bulletin 27(4):687-700. (Ascited in USACE 1995).Saffran, K., K. Cash, K. Hallard, B. Neary, and R. Wright. 2001. CCME WaterQuality Index 1.0 User’s Manual. Prepared for the Water Quality IndexTechnical Subcommittee. Canadian Council <strong>of</strong> Ministers <strong>of</strong> theEnvironment Water Quality Guidelines Task Group. 5 pp.USACE (U.S. Army Corps <strong>of</strong> Engineers). 1995. Guidelines for statistical treatment<strong>of</strong> less than detection limit data in dredged sediment evaluations.EEDP-04-23. Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, Mississippi.A-42
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February 2011technical report 2<str
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thresholds), which represent lowest
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Table of ContentsE
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5.5 Summary of the
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List of TablesTabl
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Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
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Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Figure 3.17 Map of
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Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
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List of Acronyms2,
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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To assist it in fulfilling this man
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• Development of
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Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
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life history of th
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• Pitt River Area of</str
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Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
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(ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
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Effluent toxicity was also included
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2011 for more information on the lo
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facilities identified in Table 3.11
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Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
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• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
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• Personal care products (fragran
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with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
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In summary, the contaminants that c
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insecticides, such as phorate, terb
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3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
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the substances most amenable to lon
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• Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
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were used in the effects and exposu
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warrants further assessment to dete
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Page 591 and 592: Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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