Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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and 27222 Developments Ltd. In addition, there are numerous wood productsmanufacturing operations, such as Bel-Par Industries Ltd. (wood <strong>of</strong>fice furniture),Corporate Images Holdings Partnership (household furniture), Laguna Woodcraft CanadaLtd. (wood household furniture), Leggett and Platt Canada Co. (wood products), StorkCraft Manufacturing Inc. (wood products), Terminal Forest Products Ltd. (woodproducts), Visscher Lumber Inc. (millwork), and W. Kreyenbohm Corp. (wood products).A number <strong>of</strong> lime and gypsum product manufacturing operations, chemical manufacturers,computer components makers, electrical equipment manufacturers, cleaning compoundproducers, an asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing facility, and textile productmills also operate within the Lower Fraser River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest (Table 3.12). Thesubstances that could be released from these types <strong>of</strong> manufacturing facilities include:conventional variables (pH, TSS), major ions (calcium, sulphate), metals (e.g., aluminum,barium, boron, cadmium, copper, chromium, iron, lead, manganese nickel, zinc), cyanide,paints, petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., BTEX, oil and grease, diesel, and PAHs), phenols,and anti-microbial compounds (e.g., triclosan, triclocarban).No information was located on other manufacturing facilities in the Bowron River,Quesnel River, Chilko, Seton-Portage, Nahatlatch River, Harrison River, or the Kakawaareas <strong>of</strong> interest. For a detailed listing <strong>of</strong> the manufacturing facilities identified during thisinvestigation, see Table 3.12.In summary, a variety <strong>of</strong> contaminants may have been released into aquatic ecosystemsfrom other manufacturing facilities operating within the Fraser River Basin. In addition,activities conducted at such facilities can result in alterations <strong>of</strong> the physical characteristics<strong>of</strong> receiving water systems. The contaminants and other variables <strong>of</strong> greatest interest withrespect to other manufacturing activities in the study area include:• Conventional variables (temperature, pH, alkalinity, TSS);• Major ions (calcium, sulphate);• Nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphorus);• Metals (e.g., aluminum, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, copper, chromium,iron, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc);• Organotins (tributyltin);• Phenols (phenol, cresol);• Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., BTEX);27
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., parent PAHs, alkylated PAHs, totalPAHs);• Petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., oil and grease, diesel-range organics, alkanes);• Phthalate esters (e.g., BEHP); and,• Anti-microbial compounds (e.g., triclosan, triclocarban).3.1.1.10 Contaminated Sites and Contaminant SpillsIn British Columbia, a contaminated site is defined as an area <strong>of</strong> land in which the soil,underlying groundwater, or sediment contains a hazardous material at levels that exceedthe provincial environmental quality standards (Macfarlane et al. 2004). In 1997,Environment Canada (Fraser Pollution Abatement Office) and the B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> theEnvironment (Contaminated Sites Remediation and Assessment Section) collaborated onthe development <strong>of</strong> a Contaminated Sites Registry (Site Information System; SITE). TheRegistry is designed to provide publically-available information on the investigation andclean-up <strong>of</strong> contaminated and potentially-contaminated sites throughout the province.Based on the data compiled between 1988 and 1995, there were a total <strong>of</strong> 2866 nonfederalcontaminated sites registered in the SITE database and an estimated 342 federalcontaminated sites (Environment Canada 1997). Of the 2866 non-federal sites listed in theRegistry, 2699 were located in the Fraser River Basin. More recent data on the numberand location <strong>of</strong> federal and non-federal contaminated sites in the Fraser River Basin werenot located during this investigation. However, information provided informally by theContaminated Sites Remediation and Assessment Section (V. Manemeyer, B.C.Environment. Personal communication) suggests that the Registry may currently list atleast 5,000 contaminated sites that are located within the study area. The Treasury Board<strong>of</strong> Canada maintains a contaminated sites database, separate from the registry, whichprovides information on the location, media types <strong>of</strong> concern, and the identity <strong>of</strong>contaminants at each <strong>of</strong> these sites. Table 3.13 provides a summary <strong>of</strong> the data containedin the Treasury Board <strong>of</strong> Canada database for contaminated sites within the study area.Figure 3.10 shows the locations <strong>of</strong> these contaminated sites.Accidental spills can also result in releases <strong>of</strong> contaminants to the Fraser River and/or itstributaries. According to records maintained by the Canadian Coast Guard and the B.C.Ministry <strong>of</strong> the Environment, spills <strong>of</strong> raw sewage, partly treated sewage, gasoline, oil,diesel, other fuels, and other substances are common within the study area. However, theinformation needed to specifically characterize the substances or volumes released is onlyinfrequently available. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the contaminants that are28
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February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
Page 12 and 13: List of TablesTabl
Page 14 and 15: Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
Page 16 and 17: Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
Page 20 and 21: Figure 3.17 Map of
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
Page 25 and 26: List of Acronyms2,
Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
Page 29 and 30: To assist it in fulfilling this man
Page 31 and 32: • Development of
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
Page 35 and 36: life history of th
Page 37 and 38: • Pitt River Area of</str
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
Page 41 and 42: and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
Page 43 and 44: 3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
Page 45 and 46: (ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
Page 47 and 48: Effluent toxicity was also included
Page 49 and 50: 2011 for more information on the lo
Page 51 and 52: facilities identified in Table 3.11
Page 53: Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
Page 57 and 58: 3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
Page 59 and 60: • Personal care products (fragran
Page 61 and 62: with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
Page 63 and 64: In summary, the contaminants that c
Page 65 and 66: insecticides, such as phorate, terb
Page 67 and 68: 3.1.2.4 Runoff fro
Page 69 and 70: the substances most amenable to lon
Page 71 and 72: • Plastic-related compounds (i.e.
Page 73 and 74: were used in the effects and exposu
Page 75 and 76: warrants further assessment to dete
Page 77 and 78: • Data collected for migration co
Page 79 and 80: Hazard quotients were calculated fo
Page 81 and 82: Many other substances have the pote
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
Page 85 and 86: For surface water and sediment, the
Page 87 and 88: 3. For hardness-dependent water qua
Page 89 and 90: • 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
Page 91 and 92: concern by area of
Page 93 and 94: 0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
Page 95 and 96: least time rearing in freshwater ha
Page 97 and 98: The results of thi
Page 99 and 100: Interest and in the South Thompson
Page 101 and 102: • Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
Page 103 and 104: glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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