Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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• Compare data on water quality conditions in the Fraser River to toxicity datafor sockeye salmon;• Develop an overall assessment <strong>of</strong> the suite <strong>of</strong> contaminants (e.g., metals,pesticides) and natural substances (e.g., total suspended solids; TSS) that areencountered by juvenile and adult sockeye salmon; and,• Evaluate the extent to which reductions in Fraser River sockeye salmonabundance are associated with contaminant conditions in the Fraser River.1.2 Study ApproachA step-wise approach was developed to evaluate the potential effects on Fraser Riversockeye salmon associated with exposure to contaminants. Implementation <strong>of</strong> theapproach necessitated completion <strong>of</strong> the following steps:• Identification <strong>of</strong> the areas and times that sockeye salmon could be exposed toaquatic contaminants in the Fraser River Basin (this information was used todefine the geographic and temporal scope <strong>of</strong> the study);• Identification <strong>of</strong> the chemical substances and natural variables that have beenreleased into the Fraser River or its tributaries due to human activities (this list<strong>of</strong> substances was termed the Inventory <strong>of</strong> Aquatic <strong>Contaminants</strong>, which arealso referred to as chemicals <strong>of</strong> potential concern);• Determination <strong>of</strong> whether any <strong>of</strong> the chemicals <strong>of</strong> potential concern haveoccurred in surface water, sediment, or fish tissues at levels sufficient to posepotential threats to aquatic organisms (this assessment was termed thepreliminary evaluation <strong>of</strong> chemicals <strong>of</strong> potential concern and resulted inidentification <strong>of</strong> contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern that required further evaluation);• Determination <strong>of</strong> whether the concentrations <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> the contaminants <strong>of</strong>concern in surface water, sediment, or fish tissues in the Fraser River or itstributaries were sufficient to adversely affect the survival, growth, orreproduction <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon (this assessment was termed the evaluation <strong>of</strong>contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern);• Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the potential effects <strong>of</strong> endocrine disrupting chemicals and othercontaminants <strong>of</strong> emerging concern on sockeye salmon;• Identification <strong>of</strong> uncertainties in the assessment and key data gaps; and,3
• Development <strong>of</strong> conclusions and recommendations relative to the effects <strong>of</strong>contaminants on Fraser River sockeye salmon.The methods that were used to conduct this evaluation, and the associated results, aredescribed in the applicable sections <strong>of</strong> this report.1.3 Organization <strong>of</strong> this ReportThe primary objective <strong>of</strong> this investigation is to provide the Cohen Commission with anInventory <strong>of</strong> Aquatic <strong>Contaminants</strong> in the Fraser River Basin (study area) and anevaluation <strong>of</strong> the potential effects <strong>of</strong> those contaminants on sockeye salmon. This reporthas been organized as follows:• Chapter 1 - Introduction;• Chapter 2 - Geographic and Temporal Scope <strong>of</strong> the Investigation: Thischapter provides a brief description <strong>of</strong> the life history <strong>of</strong> Fraser River sockeyesalmon, identifies the areas <strong>of</strong> interest that were investigated, and describes thetemporal scope <strong>of</strong> the study;• Chapter 3 - Inventory <strong>of</strong> Aquatic <strong>Contaminants</strong>: This chapter providesdescriptions <strong>of</strong> point source discharges, non-point source discharges, andatmospheric sources that release contaminants into aquatic ecosystems withinthe Fraser River Basin. The contaminants that are typically associated witheach <strong>of</strong> these sources are also identified to support development <strong>of</strong> theInventory <strong>of</strong> Aquatic <strong>Contaminants</strong>;• Chapter 4 - Preliminary Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Chemicals <strong>of</strong> <strong>Potential</strong> Concern: Thischapter describes the procedures that were used to evaluate the potential risksto sockeye salmon associated with exposure to aquatic contaminants, includingthe effects assessment, the exposure assessment, and the hazard assessment.<strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> concern are also identified in this chapter;• Chapter 5 - Evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Contaminants</strong> <strong>of</strong> Concern: This chapter describesthe procedures that were used to evaluate the effects on sockeye salmonassociated with exposure to contaminants <strong>of</strong> concern, including the effectsassessment, the exposure assessment, and the hazard assessment. The spatialand temporal extent <strong>of</strong> conditions sufficient to adversely affect Fraser Riversockeye salmon are also described in this chapter;4
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
Page 12 and 13: List of TablesTabl
Page 14 and 15: Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
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Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Page 25 and 26: List of Acronyms2,
Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
Page 29: To assist it in fulfilling this man
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Page 35 and 36: life history of th
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Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
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Page 63 and 64: In summary, the contaminants that c
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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