Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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information is essential for selecting water quality monitoring stations that can be used tocharacterize exposure <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon to contaminants during each <strong>of</strong> their life historystages (i.e., eggs and alevins, fry, smolts, and adults).2.4 Temporal Scope <strong>of</strong> StudyThe escapement <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon to the Fraser River has varied substantially over theperiod <strong>of</strong> record and has generally trended downward since the early 1990's (averageescapement for each area <strong>of</strong> interest are shown in Figure 2.4, while temporal trends insockeye salmon productivity for all stocks is presented in Figure 1.1). To determine ifexposure to contaminants represents a causative or contributing factor in the decline <strong>of</strong>Fraser River sockeye salmon, it is necessary to compare current conditions in thewatershed to those that have existed historically in the Fraser River and its tributarywatersheds. Accordingly, the temporal scope <strong>of</strong> this study has been broadly defined toinclude the entire period <strong>of</strong> record for which reliable water quality data are available (i.e.,1965 - 2010).11
Chapter 3 Inventory <strong>of</strong> Aquatic <strong>Contaminants</strong>3.0 IntroductionThere are a wide variety <strong>of</strong> land and water use activities that have the potential toadversely affect aquatic habitats within the Fraser River Basin. Such anthropogenicactivities have the potential to release a diversity <strong>of</strong> contaminants into the Fraser River andits tributaries. To identify the substances that could be causing or substantiallycontributing to the declines <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon in the study area, a review <strong>of</strong> the literaturewas conducted to document land and water use activities and to identify the contaminantsthat are typically associated with each land and water use. This information was thenintegrated to identify the substances that could be adversely affecting the survival, growth,or reproduction <strong>of</strong> sockeye salmon in the Fraser River Basin. The resultant compilation <strong>of</strong>chemicals that pose potential threats to sockeye salmon was termed the Inventory <strong>of</strong>Aquatic <strong>Contaminants</strong> for the watershed. This chapter describes the sources and releases<strong>of</strong> contaminants to the aquatic ecosystems contained within the basin and integrates therelevant information to develop the Inventory <strong>of</strong> Aquatic <strong>Contaminants</strong>.3.1 Sources and Releases <strong>of</strong> <strong>Contaminants</strong> to Aquatic EcosystemsThere are a number <strong>of</strong> natural and anthropogenic sources <strong>of</strong> toxic and bioaccumulativesubstances in the Fraser River Basin. Natural sources <strong>of</strong> such substances includeweathering and erosion <strong>of</strong> terrestrial soils, bacterial decomposition <strong>of</strong> vegetation andanimal matter, and long-range transport <strong>of</strong> substances originating from forest fires or othernatural combustion sources. In addition to these natural sources, there are a number <strong>of</strong>anthropogenic point and non-point sources <strong>of</strong> toxic and/or bioaccumulative substanceswithin the Fraser River Basin, including:Point Sources• Pulp and paper mills;• Sawmills, plywood mills, and particle board mills;• Wood preservation facilities;• Cement and concrete plants;• Seafood processing facilities;• Operating and abandoned mines;12
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
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Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
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Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
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Page 25 and 26: List of Acronyms2,
Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
Page 29 and 30: To assist it in fulfilling this man
Page 31 and 32: • Development of
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Page 35 and 36: life history of th
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Page 41 and 42: and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
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Page 63 and 64: In summary, the contaminants that c
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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