Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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• Major ions (sodium, potassium, chlorine, and sulfates);• Oil and grease; and,• Metals (aluminum, arsenic, copper, chromium, lead, and zinc).3.1.1.5 Seafood Processing FacilitiesAccording to Environment Canada (1998), there were eight fish processing plants thatdischarged effluent to the Fraser River in 1993. Data compiled more recently (2008-2010) indicate that there are at least 10 seafood processing operations that are permittedto discharge effluent into the lower Fraser River, including Aero Trading Co. Ltd.(Vancouver), Bella Coola Fisheries Ltd. (Delta), British Columbia Packers Ltd. (NowWeston Foods Canada; Richmond), Delta Pacific Seafoods Ltd. (Delta), Lions GateFisheries Ltd. (Delta), New West Net Co. Ltd. (New Westminster), Ocean Fisheries Ltd.(Richmond), S.M. Products (B.C.) Ltd. (Delta), Seven Seas Fish Co. (2005) Ltd. (Delta),Shearer Seafood Products Ltd. (Delta; Table 3.6; Figure 3.5; Source; Nova TecConsultants Inc. and EVS Consultants 1993). Another 27 seafood processing facilitieswere identified in the lower mainland (Table 3.6; Figure 3.5); however, effluent permitswere not located for these operations. One facility, which is operated by the SiskaTraditions Society, is located in the Upper Fraser River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest.Issues and concerns relative to the discharge <strong>of</strong> fish processing wastewaters into theFraser River are primarily associated with total dissolved solids, TSS, BOD and COD,nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and faecal coliforms. In addition, a least one <strong>of</strong> the effluentsamples from each <strong>of</strong> three facilities tested were found to be acutely toxic to rainbow troutand toxic to the cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia, the alga, Selenastrum capricornutum,and to bacteria, Photobacterium phosphoreum (Nova Tec Consultants Inc. and EVSConsultants 1993). Based on the variables that must be measured in effluents dischargedfrom these facilities and other information, the priority contaminants for seafoodprocessing facilities include:• Conventional variables (i.e., temperature, pH, BOD, and TSS);• Residual chlorine,• Nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia); and,• Oil and grease.19
Effluent toxicity was also included as a variable that must be monitored for a subset <strong>of</strong> theseafood processing facilities in the Fraser River Basin. Seafood processing facilities alsorepresent potential sources <strong>of</strong> native bacterial and viral diseases that are harboured inprocessed fish. In the future, the effluent <strong>of</strong> seafood processing facilities should be testedfor the presence <strong>of</strong> fish disease agents.3.1.1.6 Operating and Abandoned MinesThere are numerous operating and abandoned mines located within the Fraser River Basinthat have the potential to release contaminants into the Fraser River or its tributaries. Thelocations <strong>of</strong> the 28 operating metal and mineral mines within the study area are shown inFigure 3.6 (Table 3.7). The numbers and locations <strong>of</strong> abandoned mines or explorationsites were not determined as part <strong>of</strong> this investigation (see Nelitz et al. 2011 for moreinformation on these facilities). There are seven operating mines in the Upper FraserRiver Area <strong>of</strong> Interest, including the Anderson River (East Anderson) Mine (granite,dimension stone, and building stone, Dome Creek Mine (slate, flagstone, dimension stone,and building stone), the Giscome mine (limestone), the Gibraltar Mine (copper,molybdenum, gold, and silver), the Island Mount Mine (gold), the Nazko Mine (aggregateand pumice), and the Wingdam Mine (gold).Within the Quesnel River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest, there are three operating or inactive minesincluding the Mount Polley Mine (copper, gold, and silver), the Keithley Creek Mine(gold), and the Quesnel River Mine and Mill (gold). Three mines are located within theNechako/Stuart/Trembleur Area <strong>of</strong> Interest, including the Huckleberry Mine (copper,molybdenum, zinc, gold), the Endako mine (molybdenum, copper, zinc, tungsten, andbismuth), and the Dahl Lake Quarry (limestone, aggregate). The Prosperity Mine (goldand copper), which was proposed for development in the Chilko River watershed, has notbeen approved based on the results <strong>of</strong> an environmental assessment.The Lower Thompson River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest has the highest density <strong>of</strong> mining operationsin the study area. Two metal mines are located within this geographic area, including theCraigmont Mine (magnetite, copper, iron, gold, and silver) and the Highland ValleyCopper Mine (copper, molybdenum, silver, gold, lead, and zinc). The Ashton Mine (goldand copper) recently completed the permitting phase <strong>of</strong> the regulatory process and willbecome the third operating metal mine in this area. There are four non-metal mineslocated within the Lower Thompson River Area <strong>of</strong> Interest, including the Ashcr<strong>of</strong>t Mine(aggregate), the Pavilion Lime Plant (limestone and aggregate), the Ranchlands Mine(zeolite), and the Walhachin Quarry (railroad ballast).20
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
Page 12 and 13: List of TablesTabl
Page 14 and 15: Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
Page 16 and 17: Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
Page 20 and 21: Figure 3.17 Map of
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
Page 25 and 26: List of Acronyms2,
Page 27 and 28: AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
Page 29 and 30: To assist it in fulfilling this man
Page 31 and 32: • Development of
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
Page 35 and 36: life history of th
Page 37 and 38: • Pitt River Area of</str
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
Page 41 and 42: and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
Page 43 and 44: 3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
Page 45: (ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
Page 49 and 50: 2011 for more information on the lo
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Page 61 and 62: with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
Page 63 and 64: In summary, the contaminants that c
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Page 89 and 90: • 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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