Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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MeHg - methyl mercuryMS - Micros<strong>of</strong>tMSMA - methanearsonateNOAEL - no observed adverse effect levelPAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonPBB - polybrominated biphenylsPBDE - polybrominated diphenyl etherPCB - polychlorinated biphenylPCDD/PCDF - dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenz<strong>of</strong>uranPCP - pentachlorophenolPEC - probable effect concentrationPEC-Q - mean probable effect concentration quotient meanPEL - probable effect levelPFOA - perfluorooctanoic acidPFOS - perfluorooctane sulphonic acidPPCP - pharmaceuticals and personal care productPPM - pulp and paper millRET - residue effect thresholdSEV - screening ecotoxicity valueSVOC - semi-volatile organic compoundTBC - Treasury Board <strong>of</strong> CanadaTCDD - tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinTCMTB - 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazoleTEC - threshold effect concentrationTEQ - toxic equivalentTRV - toxicity reference valueTSS - total suspended solidTSV - toxicity screening valueTT - toxicity thresholdWAD - weak acid dissociablewk - weekWQG - water quality guidelineWQI - water quality indexWW - wet weightWWTP - wastewater treatment plantsxxiii
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to express their appreciation to a number <strong>of</strong> individuals whocontributed substantially to the preparation <strong>of</strong> this report. First, we would like to thankDave Levy who facilitated multiple data requests through the Cohen Commission. Inaddition, Lara Tessaro, Patrick McGowan, and Patricia Woodruff <strong>of</strong> the CohenCommission were very helpful in obtaining information on municipal wastewaterdischarges in the lower Fraser River and effluent permits. The authors would also like toexpress their appreciation to the other researchers reporting on the decline <strong>of</strong> Fraser Riversockeye salmon who have provided important information and insight for the development<strong>of</strong> this report.Spatial information, GIS data, and land-use metadata that were integral in producing thisreport were provided by the following individuals: Ian Paine (Lafarge Canada Inc.), JasonSmith (Treasury Board <strong>of</strong> Canada), Sunjit Mark (Wildfire Management Branch <strong>of</strong> theB.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Natural Resource Operations), Peter Martell (Teck Highland ValleyPartnership), Julie Taylor Pantziris (New Gold Inc.), Dick Hermann (Craigmont Mines),Mark Freberg (Highland Valley Copper), Emilia Saarinen (B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> HealthyLiving and Sport), Tim Fisch (Mount Polley Mining Corporation), Barb Riordan (EndakoMine), Greg Wazny (Norampack Burnaby), David Lloyd (Domtar Pulp), Don Rodden(Department <strong>of</strong> Fisheries and Oceans), Bruce Gaunt (Northern Health), David PaulTeasdale (City <strong>of</strong> Kamloops), John MacDougall (City <strong>of</strong> Lytton), Debora Munoz (City <strong>of</strong>Prince George), Sisto Bosa (Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment), Chris Coben (City <strong>of</strong> Quesnel),Allan Trick (District <strong>of</strong> Hope), Janine Dougall (Regional District <strong>of</strong> Bulkley-Nechako),and Eliana Clements (Village <strong>of</strong> McBride).Reports and data on environmental conditions as well as assistance in understanding theinformation contained within were provided by the following individuals: Albert vanRoodselar (Metro Vancouver), Stan Bertold (Metro Vancouver), Thora Gislason (MetroVancouver), Rob Gibson (B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment), Jason Smith (Treasury Board <strong>of</strong>Canada Secretariat), Alex Grant (B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment), Harold Riedler (B.C.Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment), Wendy McHale (B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment), Graham Knox(B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment), and Cliff Prowse (B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Attorney General).Susan Woodbine (B.C. Ministry <strong>of</strong> Environment) provided effluent permit information forfacilities along the Fraser River. Reports, data and information on contaminantconcentrations in sockeye salmon and the health <strong>of</strong> the sockeye salmon were provided byNancy MacPherson (University <strong>of</strong> British Columbia), Terry Raymond (Siska TraditionsSociety) and Chief Fred Sampson (Siska First Nation).Excellent technical reviews <strong>of</strong> this report on the potential effects <strong>of</strong> contaminants onFraser River sockeye salmon were provided by Alan Martin, Sonja Saksida, and KenAshley.Funding for the preparation <strong>of</strong> this report was provided by the Cohen Commission.xxiv
Page 1: February 2011technical report 2<str
Page 6 and 7: thresholds), which represent lowest
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsE
Page 10 and 11: 5.5 Summary of the
Page 12 and 13: List of TablesTabl
Page 14 and 15: Table 4.17Table 4.18Table 4.19Table
Page 16 and 17: Table 4.47Table 4.48Table 4.49Table
Page 18 and 19: Table 6.4Table 8.1Compounds for Nat
Page 20 and 21: Figure 3.17 Map of
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5.20 Late Stuart Sockeye Sal
Page 25: List of Acronyms2,
Page 29 and 30: To assist it in fulfilling this man
Page 31 and 32: • Development of
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 Geographic and Temporal S
Page 35 and 36: life history of th
Page 37 and 38: • Pitt River Area of</str
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Inventory of</str
Page 41 and 42: and Paper Mills - Canfor Pulp Limit
Page 43 and 44: 3.1.1.2 Sawmills, Plywood Mills and
Page 45 and 46: (ENKON Environmental Ltd. 2001). Co
Page 47 and 48: Effluent toxicity was also included
Page 49 and 50: 2011 for more information on the lo
Page 51 and 52: facilities identified in Table 3.11
Page 53 and 54: Inc.), poultry processing facilitie
Page 55 and 56: • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Page 57 and 58: 3.1.1.11 Municipal Wastewater Treat
Page 59 and 60: • Personal care products (fragran
Page 61 and 62: with oxytetracycline, ormetoprim, a
Page 63 and 64: In summary, the contaminants that c
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Page 73 and 74: were used in the effects and exposu
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• Data collected for migration co
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Hazard quotients were calculated fo
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Many other substances have the pote
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Chapter 5 Evaluation of</st
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For surface water and sediment, the
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3. For hardness-dependent water qua
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• 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents
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concern by area of
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0.05 mg/L; Glew and Hames 1971). As
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least time rearing in freshwater ha
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The results of thi
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Interest and in the South Thompson
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• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi
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glycoproteins, polypeptides, peptid
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In-use herbicides in the Fraser Riv
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and home wood heating; Johannessen
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Pulp and paper mills, saw mills, an
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salinity tolerance were significant
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and gonadosomatic index scores were
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the lowest observed effect concentr
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Spitsbergen et al. (1991) reported
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Chakravorty et al. (1992) observed
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observed in saltwater gobies (Chasm
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(See Chapters 4 and 5 for further i
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emoval efficiency of</stron
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point and non-point source discharg
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Location of NatalS
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Nevertheless, it is possible that e
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concern relative to human or enviro
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these substances to aquatic ecosyst
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• Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs;
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chemicals of poten
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productivity data, it is apparent t
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• Sufficiency - For a cause and e
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infection by various disease agents
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magnitude, and spatial extent <stro
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potential concern were documented a
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pathways and the intensity and exte
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Chilko River, Quesnel River, Nechak
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• The majority of</strong
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7.4.6 Information on Interactive <s
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• Development of
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8.4 Preliminary Evaluation
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8.5 Evaluation of
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the low returns of
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8.9 RecommendationsThis evaluation
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Chapter 9 References CitedAdams, R.
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Braune, B., D. Muir, B. DeMarch, M.
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EIP Associates. 1997. Polychlorinat
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Gallaugher, P. and L. Wood (Eds). P
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Hinch, S.G. and E.G. Martins. 2011.
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Kemble, N.E., D.K. Hardesty, C.G. I
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MacLatchy, D., L. Peters, J. Nickle
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Milston, R.H., M.S. Fitzpatrick, A.
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Peterman, R.M., D. Marmorek, B. Bec
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Smith, D.B., R.A. Zielinski, H.E. T
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USACE (U.S. Army Corps of</
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Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitsbergen, J.R
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Table 2.1. Overview of</str
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Table 2.2. Sampling sites for Early
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Table 2.3. Sampling sites for summe
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Table 2.4. Sampling sites for river
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Table 3.1. Listing of</stro
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Table 3.2. Chemicals of</st
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Table 3.8. Major pipelines transpor
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Table 3.10. Locations of</s
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Table 3.11. Listing of</str
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Table 3.16. List of</strong
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Table 3.17. List of</strong
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Table 3.18. Location of</st
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Table 3.20. Summary of</str
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Table 3.23. Estimated annual contam
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Table 3.28. Inventory of</s
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Table 4.1. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.2. Selected toxicity screen
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Table 4.3. Summary of</stro
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Table 4.19. Evaluation of</
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Table 4.32. Frequency of</s
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Table 4.53. Identification
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Table 5.1. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.2. Selected toxicity refere
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Table 5.3. Exposure point concentra
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Table 5.9. Hazard quotients <strong
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Table 5.11. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.19. Hazard quotients <stron
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Table 5.23. Mean concentrations <st
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Table 6.2. Effects
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Table 6.3. Field studies of
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Table 6.4. Compounds for National r
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Table 8.1. Inventory of</st
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Figures
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Figure 5.1. Water Quality Index sco
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Figure 5.3. Fraser River Sockeye Sa
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Figure 5.5. Pitt Sockeye Salmon Pro
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Figure 5.7. Weaver Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.9. Cultus Sockeye Salmon P
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Figure 5.11. Portage Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.13. Fennell Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.15. Late Shuswap Sockeye S
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Figure 5.17. Chilko Sockeye Salmon
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Figure 5.19. Early Stuart Sockeye S
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Figure 5.21. Stellako Sockeye Salmo
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Figure 5.23. Bowron Sockeye Salmon
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Appendices
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SW4 Deliverables4.1 The Contractor
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obtained on one species, sometimes
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• For substances for which the se
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WeaknessesThere is a lot of
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Pg 110 Ln 4189 - now called Listene
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the potential effects of</s
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A-14
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4. Fish processing plants are fewer
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Appendix 3. Environmental Data Sour
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4. Keyword searches for water quali
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A3.5 Contaminant Spill ReportsData
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River Pulp, Kamloops Cellulose Fibr
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Table A3.1. Water quality stations
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Appendix 4. Data Treatment and Meth
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when multiple samples were reported
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$ Early rearing of
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i) The number of t
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In addition, some sockeye salmon (e
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• Selecting probable effect conce
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deBruyn, A.M., H. deBruyn, M.G. Iko
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Appendix 5. Data description and so
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Potential Effects of Contaminants on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

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