the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

had one cereal (Mai%e) fit for cultivation, but that the best. Gave theadvantage of condition in this period den American aborigenes. Aber alsd. most advanced Eastern tribes, at the commencement of the middle period ofbarbarism, had domesticated animals giving meat and milk, without a knowledgeof the cereals, ihre condition much superior to that of the Americanaborigenes mit mdi^e u. plants, aber ohne domesticated animals. Mit d.domestication of animals scheint differen (tidytion der Semitic u. Aryan families3 heraus aus der Masse der Barbaren begonnen zu haben. | Dass d. discoveryu. cultivation of cereals dch d. Aryan family später als domestication vonanimals beweisen common terms for these animals in the several dialects derAryan language, and no common terms for cereals or cultivated plants, ζέα(einzige dieser Worte), philologisch = Sanscrit yavas (bdtet in Indianbarley, in Greek “ spelt”).Horticulture preceded field culture, as the garden (hortos) das field (ager); thelatter implies boundaries, the former signifies directly an “inclosed field ”[hortus an inclosed place for plants, hence a garden; from the same rootcohors (auch cors, in einige Mscpte chors) a yard, a place walled round, acourt, (auch cattle-yard); cf. gr. χόρτος, χορός; lat. hortus; german, garten,engl, garden, yard (ital. corte, french cour,10 engl. court) (ital. giardino, sp. u.french jardin).— Tillage muss aber älter sein als d. inclosed garden; erst, tilling of patches ofopen alluvial land, z) enclosed space of gardens, 3) field by means of the plowdrawn by animal power. Ob d. Cultur solcher plants wie pea, bean, turnip,parsnip, beet, squash (Kürbisartige Frucht bei Massach. Indians) u. melon,one or more of them, preceded the cultivation of the cereals, wissen wirnicht. Einige v. diesen haben common terms in Latin u. Greek, aberkeines davon common term mit Sanskrit.Horticulture in11 Östlicher Hemisphere seems to have originated more inthe necessities of the domestic animals than of those of mankind. Commencesin the Western hemisphere mit Mai^e; led in America to localisation andvillage life; tended bes. under the village Indians to take the place of fish andgame. V. cereals u. cultivated plants mankind obtained the first impressionof the possibility of an abundance of food. - Mit farinaceous foodverschwindet cannibalism; it survived in war, practised by war partiesunter d. American aborigenes in the Middle Status of barbarism z. B. unterIroquois u. A^teks; but the general practice had disappeared. (Wde insavagery practicirt upon captured enemies u. in times of famine upon friendsand kindred)4) Meat and M ilk Subsistence. Absence of animals, adapted to domesticationin Westlicher Hemisphäre ausser Llama. D. early Span, writers speak of a“ dumb dog” found domesticated in the West India Islands, ditto in Mexico u.Central America, sprechen auch von poultry u. turkeys on the Americancontinent; the aborigenes had domesticated the turkey u. d. Nahuatlac tribessome species of wild fowl.100