the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

schon Dikaearchus rationalistisch so: the practice of certain gentes in supplyingeach other with wives led to the phratrie organisation for (!) the performance ofcommon religious rites. A fragment dieses Dikaearchus preserved dchStephanus of Byzantium. E r braucht Tiaxpa für gens, wie Pindar oft u. Homermanchmal. Stephanus berichtet so :“ Patry is one of 3 forms of social union among Greeks, according to Dikaearchus,which we call respectively patry, phratry and tribe. The patry comesinto being when relationship, originally solitary, passes over into thesecond stage [relation o f parents with children and children with parents],and derives its eponym from the oldest and chief member of the patry, as72 Aicidas, Pelopidas. But it came to be called phatria or |prahtria when certainones gave their daughters to be married into another patry. For the woman whowas given in marriage participated no longer in the paternal sacred rites, butwas enrolled in the patry of her husband; so that for the union, formerlyexisting by affection between sisters and brothers, there was established anotherunion based on community of religious rites, which they denominated a phratry;and so that again, while the patry took its rise in the way we have previouslymentioned, from the blood relation between parents and children, andchildren and parents, the phratry took its rise from relationship between brothers.But tribe and tribesmen were so called from the coalescence into communities andnations so called, for each of the coalescing bodies was a tribe.” (Wachs muth: Hist.Antiquitäten der Griechen>y)Marriage out of the gens here anerkannt als custom, u. wife enrolled in thegens (patry) rather than the phratry o f her hu(s)band.Dikäarchus, ein Schüler d. Aristoteles, lebte zur Zeit wo gens existed chieflyas a pedigree of individuals, its powers having been transferred to newpolitical powers. Intermarriages, mit common religious rites, konntennicht gründen, wohl aber cement the phratrie union. Griechen wussten v.ihrer eignen Geschichte nichts ausser bis in Status of Upper Barbarismhinein.Sieh in array of military forces phratries u. tribes bei Homer. (Sieh oben!)Aus d. advice d. Nestor an Agamemnon geht hervor, dass the organizationo f armies by phratries u. tribes had then ceased to be common. \Gens v. vornherein too small a basis for organization of an army.] [Tacitus, De moribusGermaniae, sagt v. d. Germanen im Krieg, caput 7 : nec fortuita conglobatioturmam aut cuneum facit, sed familiae et propinquitates 189Obligation of blood revenge - turned später in duty of prosecuting the murdererbefore the legal tribunals - rested primarily upon the gens of the slain, aber standauch by phratry, u. became a phratrie obligation. The extension der obligationd. gens zu phratry implies a common lineage of all the gentes in a phratry.- Unter d. Athenern überlebte phratrie organisation the overthrow of the gentesas the basis of a system; retained, in d. new polit. society, some control overthe registration of citizens, the enrollment of marriages u. the prosecution of themurderer of a phrator before the courts. Greek gentes u. phratries liessen als by203