the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

A fter birth o f the child his mother selected fo r him a name not in use,belonging to the gens, w ith the concurrence o f her nearest relatives. T hechild not fu lly christened until its birth u. the name o f its father, had beenannounced a t the next ensuing council o f the tribe. Bei T o d einer Person,konnte deren Namen nicht wieder used wden in the lifetim e of his oldest survivingson, without the consent o f the latter [Dies w ie alles particular, w enn nichtdirect G egentheil gesagt, gilt vo n d. Iroquois]Zwei classes o f names in use, one adapted to childhood, the other to aduit life ;one “ being taken away” (ihre expression) u. d. andere “ bestow ed.”Im A lter v. 16 od. 18 der erste N am e w eggenom m en, usually dch d. chiefder gens u. einer der 2ten Klasse statt dessen gegeben. A t the next councilo f the tribe the change o f names was publicly announced, after w hich theperson, if a male, assumed the duties o f manhood. In some Indian tribesthe youth w as required to go out upon the war-path and earn his second nameb y some act o f personal bravery. A fter a severe illness nicht ungew öhnlichfo r a person, from superstitious considerations, to solicit and obtaina second change o f name. W hen a person was elected a Sachem od. a chiefshis name was taken awayy and a new one conferred a t the time o f his installation.D . Individual had no control over the question o f a change; was prerogativeder female relatives u. der chiefs; but an adult person m ight changehis name provided he could induce a chief to announce it in council. Aperson having the control o f a particular name, w ie der eldest son o f that o f hisdeceased father, might lend it to a frien d in another gens; but after the deatho f the person thus bearing it the name reverted to the gens to which it belonged.T h e names jetzt in use unter d. Iroquois u. ändern Indian tribes meistancient names handed down in the gentes from time immemorial.In familiar intercourse u. form al salutation the Am erican Indians addresseach other by the term o f relationship the person spoken to sustains to thespeaker. W hen related they salute by kin; w enn nicht, they substitute“ my friend,.” G älte für lümmelhaft to address an Indian by his personal name,or to inquire bis name directly from himself. Anglo-Saxon ancestors der “ E n g ­lish” hatten bis Norman Conquest nur single personal names, no name todesignate the fam ily. Z eig t an späte Erscheinung der Monogamie; u. Existent^in früherer Periode vo n a Saxon gens,j ) The right o f adopting strangers into the gens.Captives taken in w ar either put to death, or adopted into some gens;letztres mit women u. children, taken prisoners, usual. Adoption not onlyconferred gentile rights, sondern auch d. nationality o f the tribe.T h e person adopting a captive placed him or her in the relation o f a brotheror a sister; if a m other adopted, in that o f a son or a daughter; and ever afterwardstreated100 the person in all respects as though born in that relation.Slavery, w hich in the Upper Status o f Barbarism became the fate o f thecaptive, was unknown among tribes in the Lower Status in the aboriginal period.148