the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

Segmentation o f gentes, follow ed b y the formation into phratries o f theirrespective subdivisions. Shows also that the phratry founded upon the kinshipo f the gentes. A s a rule the name o f the original gens out o f w hich others hadform ed - unkn ow n; but in each o f these cases it remains as the name o fthe phratry. D e r Name nur einer der Athenian phratries know n to us ; dieder Iroquois had no name but that o f brotherhood.P t I I C h. I V . The Iroquois Tribe.Am erican aborigenes fallen in %ahtt°se tribes “ by the natural process o fsegm entation each tribe individualized by a name, a separate dialect, a supremegovernment, a territory, occupied and defended as its own. T h e dialects as numerous41 as I the tribes, fo r separation nicht com plete, before dialectical variation hadcommenced. - M organ glaubt, dass all the num erous aboriginal Am ericantribes (minus Eskim os w h o no aborigenes) form ed out o f one original people.D . term N ation angew andt auf viele Indian tribes, trotz geringer V o lk s­zahl, v. w egen exclusive possession o f a dialect and o f a territory. A b er Tribeu. N ations nicht genaue Equivalents ; unter gentile institutions entspringtnation nur, w ann d. tribes, united under the same governm ent, havecoalesced into one people, w ie d. 4 Athenian tribes in A ttica, 3 D orian tribesin Sparta, 3 Latin u. Sabine tribes at Rom e. Federation requires independenttribes in separate territorial areas; coalescence unites them b y a higher processin the same area, obgleich tendency to local separation by gentes u. by tribesw ould continue. T h e confederacy is the nearest analogue o f the nation.Sehr selten Fälle unter d. Am erican aborigenes, w o the tribe embracedpeoples speaking different dialects; w o d. Fall, w ar’s Resultat der U nion einesschwächeren mit einem stärkeren tribe speaking a closely related dialect, w ied. union der M issouris - after their overthrow - mit den Otoes. D . great bodyd. aborigenes ward gefunden in independent tribes; nur w enige hatten esgebracht zu conféderacy o f tribes speaking dialects o f the same stock language.Constant tendency to disintegration existed in the elements o f gentile organization,aggravated dch tendency to divergence o f speech, inseparable from theirsocial state and the large area o f their occupation. A verbal language, obgleichm erkw ürdig persistent in its vocables u. noch mehr in its grammatical form s, -is incapable o f permanence. D e r Lokalen Separation - in area - flgt im L au fder Z eit variation in speech; dies leads to separation in interests u. toultimate independence. D . grosse Z a h l von dialects u. stocklanguages inN ord- u. Südamerika wahrscheinlich - save d. Eskim os - abgeleitet vo none original language, erheischten für ihre Bildung the time measured by 3 ethnicperiods.New tribes u. new gentes w ere constantly form ing by natural g ro w th ; derprocess sensibly accelerated dch the great expanse d. Am erican continent. D .M ethode w ar einfach. From some overstocked geographical centre, possessingsuperior advantages in the means o f subsistence, a gradual outflow o f people.D ies continued jährlich, so a considerable population developed a t a distancevom original seat des tribe; im L au f der Z eit d. emigrants w erden distinct in156