the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

kommen wir aber zum sense worin legis actio: an action, suit,process with adefining genitive: actio furti action for theft; auch mit de: “ actio de repetundis”action (prosecution for refunding money extorted by magistrates), actionemalicui intendere, actionem instituere (bring an action agst som(e)body).“ Multis actiones (processes, suits) et res (the property in suit) peribant. Liv.)Daher allgemein: a legal formula or form of process (procedure) “ inde iliaactio: ope consilioque tuo, furtum aio factum esse.” actiones Manilianae,forms relative to purchase and sale.) “ Dare alicui actionem” , Permission tobring an action which was the office of the Prätor. “ Rem agere ex jure,lege, causa etc “ to bring an action, to manage a cause or suit.Lege, respective legem - agere, to proceed according to law, mode of executing law,to execute a sentence. “ Lege egit in hereditatem paternam ex heres filius.”Cic. de Orat. I, j?«?)58Bentham unterscheidet zwischen Substantive Law, the law declaring rightsand duties, and Adjective Law, the rules wonach that law is administered.In älteren Zeiten rights and duties (were) rather the adjective of procedureals umgekehrt. Difficulty in such times not in conceiving what a manwas entitled to, but in obtaining it; so that the method, violent or legal,by which an end was obtained, was o f more consequence than the nature of59the end itself___ D . wichtigste sehr lange Zeit the “ remedies” . (252)D . first dieser alten (Roman) actiones ist die: Legis Actio Sacramenti, theundoubted parent o f all the Roman actions u. daher of most of the civilremedies now in use in the world, [sacra mentum in law: the sum which theparties to a suit at first deposited with the tresviri capitales, but for which theysubsequently gave security to the praetor, so called because the sum depositedby the losing party was used for religious purposes, esp. for the sacra publica; orrather, perhaps, because the money was deposited in a sacred place. Festus,“ ea pecunia, quae in judicium venit in litibus, sacramentum a sacro. Qui petebatet qui infitiabatur, de aliis rebus utrique quingenos aeris ad pontemdeponebant, de aliis rebus item certo alio ligitimo numero assum; quijudicio vicerat, suum sacramentum e sacro auferebat, victi ad aerarium__ redibat.” Varro.]60Diese Actio sacramenti is a dramatisation o f the Origin o f Justice; 2Bewaffnete Männer ringen mit einander, Prätor geht vorbei, interposes tostop the contest; d. disputants state him their case, agree that he shallarbitrate; arrangirt dass der loser, ausser resigning the subject of thequarrel shall pay a sum of money to the umpire (the Prätor )(p. 253)(Dies scheint rather Dramatisation of how law disputes were becoming asource o f fees profit to lawyers! u. dies nennt Herr Maine, als a lawyer,“ the Origin of Justice” !)In dieser dramatisation the claimant holds a wand in his hand, der nachGajus a spear repräsentirt, the emblem o f the strong man armed, served asthe symbol of property held absolutely and agst the world (rather the symbol315