the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

M y grandfather's father's brother is m y grandfather; his son also m ygrandfather; the son o f the latter m y father; his son and daughter m ybrother and sister, elder or younger; and their children and grandchildrenfo llo w in the same relationship to E g o as in other cases.V col. line - classification same as in the corresponding branches o f lid ,except o f additional ancestors.In Seneca-Iroquois terms for father-in-law (Oc-na’-hose), for a w ife’sfather, and H ä-gä'-sä for a husband's father. Form er term also used fora son-in-law. Term s also for stepfather (H oc’-no-ese) u. stepmother(O c’-no-ese), stepson (Ha-no) u. stepdaughter (Ka-no) In a num ber o ftribes 2 fathers-in-law and 2 mothers-in-law are related, and terms toexpress the connection.In about one half o f all the relationships named, the Turanian system isidentical with the Malayan. Seneca u. Tam il unterscheiden sich vo nHawaiian in d. relationships w hich depended on interm arriage ornon-intermarriage o f brothers and sisters. In d. 2 ersteren z.B. m ysister’s son is m y nephew, in d. latter my son. T h e change o f relationshipsresulting from the substitution der punaluan in place o f the consanguinefam ily turns the Malayan in (to) the Turanian system.In Polynesia fam ily punaluan; system o f consanguinity bleibt Malayan;In Northamerica fam ily syndyasmian, system o f consanguinity bleibt Turanian;In Europe u. Western A sia fam ily becomes monogamian, system o f consanguinityblieb für Zeitlang Turanian, bis fallend in decadence u. suc-13 ceeded by the Aryan. |T h e Malayan system must have prevailed generallyin A sia before the Malayan migration to the Islands o f the Pacific;the system (Turanian) transmitted in the M alayan form to the ancestorso f the three families, w ith the streams o f the blood from a commonA sia tic source; afterward modified into its present form by the remoteancestors o f the Turanian and Ganow anian families.T he principal relationships o f the Turanian system created by punaluanfam ily; several o f the marriage relationships have changed. T h ebrotherhood o f the husbands and the sisterhood o f the w ives form edthe basis o f the relation fully expressed by the H awaiian custom o fpünalüa. Theoretically the fam ily o f the period was co-extensive w ith thegroup united in the marriage34 relation; but practically, it m ust havesubdivided into a number o f smaller fam ilies for convenience o f habitation andsubsistence. T h e brothers, by 10 and 12, o f the Britons, married to eachother’s w ives, may indicate the si%e o f an ordinary subdivision o f a pünalüangroup.I Communism in living seems to have originated in the necessities o f theconsanguine fam ily, to have been continued in the punaluan, and transmitted! to the syndyasmian unter d. Am erican aborigenes, w ith w hom it re-! mained a practice dow n to the epoch o f their discovery - (and the South\ Slavonians? and even Russians to a certain degree?)115