the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Notes to Introduction, p. 71.des, 1872); id., De la propriété et de ses formes primitives, 1874. Henry-George, Progress and Poverty, 1879. Paul Viollet, Le caractère collectifdes premières propriétés immobilières (Bibliothèque de F Ecole desChartes, v. 33, 1872). Karl Bücher, Die Entstehung der Volkswirtschaft,1893.Max Weber, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Grundriss der verstehendenSoziologie, (1922) 1964, v. i. Part 2, ch. 3 treats of the house-community(Hausgemeinschaft) and its dissolution by internal and external factors,leading to the development of modern trading companies; inthis, the theory of the transformation of the community into anassociation follows that of Gierke.Others of the collectivists include G. Nasse, L. Felix, L. Hobhouse.These are all divided as to whether individualism is posited as thefinal outcome of the development from the collective beginnings,as in the case of Herbert Spencer, T. H. Huxley, Henry Maine; orwhether the reign of individualism is temporary, as in the case ofMorgan. Yet others are neutral in this matter.Marx’s readings on the subject of the early and historical Slaviccommunity were wide. Some are mentioned in a letter to Engels, ofFeb. 29, 1856 (MEGA, pt. Ill, v. 2, pp. 112 -113, 115). Cf. alsoChronik, op. cit., pp. 409-439. Here the works of I. D. Belyaev,A. Engelhardt, A. v. Haxthausen, M. Kovalevsky, V. Semevsky,V. I. Sergeevich, A. Skrebitsky, P. Sokolovsky, on Russian agrarianhistory and the peasant commune ; F. Demelic (who rendered V. Bogisicinto French) and O. M. Utiesenovic-Ostrozinski on the peasantcommunes of the South Slavs; L. Mieroslawski on the history of thePolish peasant communes ; C. A. Van Enschut, G. Hanssen and G. L.Maurer on the Germanic peoples.126 L. Stein, Die soziale Frage im Lichte der Philosophie, 1897. F. Toennies,Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft, 1887. Leo Frobenius, Der Ursprung derAfrikanischen Kulturen, Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1898; id. Paideuma,1921. Henri Bergson, Les Deux Sources de la Morale et de la Religion,1932. A. L. Kroeber, The Superorganic, American Anthropologist,v. 19, 1917, pp. 163-213.127 A. A. Kaufman, Russkaya Obshchina, 1908. A. Chuprov, Die Feldgemeinschaft,1902. K. Kachorovsky, Russkaya Obshchina, 1900. V.Simkhovich, Die Feldgemeinschaft in Russland, 1898. Cf. also, A. v.Miaskowski, Die schweizerische Allmend, 1879. J. v. Keussler, ZurGeschichte und Kritik des bäuerlichen Gemeindebesitzes in Russland, 1876-1887. The literature on this subject is vast. Further bibliography in :J. S. Lewinski, The Origin of Property, 1913 ; M. O. Kosven, SemeynayaObshchina i Patronimiya, 1963; L. Krader, Recent Studies of theRussian Peasant, American Anthropologist, v. 58, 1956, pp. 716-720;id. Anthropology, in: Basic Russian Publications, P. L. Horecky, ed.,1962, pp. 49-58.128 K. Kautsky, Die Neue Zeit, v. 3, 1885. Paul Lafargue, La Propriété,380
Notes to Introduction, p. 72.Origine et Evolution, 1895. Cf. Heinrich Cunow, Die Marxscbe Geschiehts-, Gesellschafts- und Staatstheorie. 2 v., 1920-1921. Id. EinleitendesVorwort (1896) to G. L. Maurer, Einleitung %ur Geschichte der Marketc.Verfassung (1858), 1965, p. 345: Maurer exaggerated the extent ofthe Mark, holding that the medieval and ancient Mark were the same;according to Cunow, the work of L. H. Morgan on the gens showedthe difference between the ancient and medieval (including the recent)Mark; Morgan’s work was applied to early German history by K.Lamprecht. According to Cunow, the position of Engels (see Introduction,section on Relation of Engels to Marx and Morgan) in hiswork on the Mark was founded on Maurer, but did not take laterwork into account, for Engels did not distinguish the ancient fromthe medieval Mark. (MEW 19, pp. 3i7ff, esp. p. 319.)Cunow, op. cit., p. 355, cited Kovalevsky, Tableau des Origines, op.cit., regarding the hypothesis that the Germanic villages arose out ofearlier communities, wherein population increase was the activefactor. Morgan had already written of the increase of the accumulationof property, etc., which both Marx and Engels took to be thefactor in the decline of the early community, and not populationincrease. Marx, in the Einleitung (sect. 3, Methode) to the Grundrisseconsidered the idea of commencing with population to be a chaoticone, but this position of Marx was not known at the time that Cunowwrote.129 B. H. Baden-Powell, The Indian Village Community, 1896, ch. 1 and 10.130 R. v. Pöhlmann, Geschichte der sozialen Frage und des Sozialismus in derantiken Welt, 1912. Friedrich Ratzel, Politische Geographie, 1897.R. Hildebrand, Recht und Sitte auf den verschiedenen ... Kulturstufen, 1896.Heinrich Schurtz, Die Anfänge des Landbesitztes. Zeitschrift fürSo^ialwissenschaft, 1900. Cf. E. R. A. Seligman, The Economic Interpretationof History, 1902, ch. 6. (Here the role of Pöhlmann is notreported with preciseness.) Schurtz was Ratzel’s disciple. R. H.Lowie followed Schurtz in his opposition to Morgan, taking theinstitutions of men’s clubs and age-grade societies as proof of associationamong primitives other than that based on kindship (Lowie,Origin of the State, op. cit.).131 M. O. Kosven, op. cit., published a survey of the problem of thefamily community (zadruga) and the patronymic group, with a goodreview of the literature, and a useful setting of the problem; byseparating the question of the family community from that of theprimitive community in general he made an important distinction.But the late Kosven, a man of great learning, went perhaps too far intracing the early history of the (European) family, having written:“We consider that the original connection between this term familiaand the concept of a house (zhilishche) is in all likelihood completelyimprobable, more precisely, outdated, going back to Festus’ explanationof familia from famulus (slave) as it were because the great381
Page 2 and 3:
Among the most important of the mat
Page 4 and 5:
Q U ELLEN UND UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR GE
Page 6 and 7:
Printed in the Netherlands by Van G
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTSForeword.IXIntroductionSect
Page 10 and 11:
ForewordThe conception of this book
Page 12 and 13:
INTRODUCTIONThe ethnological writin
Page 14 and 15:
the other, were deficient in critic
Page 16 and 17:
undertook the wholly empirical stud
Page 18 and 19:
later, of Lubbock.15 The sets of ex
Page 20 and 21:
still, after the institution of gen
Page 22 and 23:
ship; Marx attributed the developme
Page 24 and 25:
-j6 Böckh on population of Attica;
Page 26 and 27:
with the question of caste was rais
Page 28 and 29:
these two opposing sides together,
Page 30 and 31:
without comment (excerpts, p. 8). T
Page 32 and 33:
Grundrisse and in C apital.47 The r
Page 34 and 35:
occasion for a performance of virtu
Page 36 and 37:
signalized by means of the marginal
Page 38 and 39:
Excerpts p. Morgan excerptsMarx’s
Page 40 and 41:
within the contexts of Phear and Ma
Page 42 and 43:
not only accepted this, but rendere
Page 44 and 45:
community by cultural and social hi
Page 46 and 47:
e interpreted ex silentio, by his c
Page 48 and 49:
excerpts, p. 170), who cited as an
Page 50 and 51:
ut against Maine’s extravagance (
Page 52 and 53:
tween the social collectivities are
Page 54 and 55:
conception of science as classifica
Page 56 and 57:
approaches the modern ethnography b
Page 58 and 59:
Man in the civilized condition is f
Page 60 and 61:
The latter98 had inferred that the
Page 62 and 63:
The idea of R. M. Maclver and R. H.
Page 64 and 65:
ethnological thought. It is an anac
Page 66 and 67:
an internally antagonistic creature
Page 68 and 69:
actuality of the relations of the s
Page 70 and 71:
introduction, and that the transiti
Page 72 and 73:
song styles of the Iroquois, Indian
Page 74 and 75:
nature by Marx, in contrast to Hege
Page 76 and 77:
formed as the same, this is a subje
Page 78 and 79:
communal institutions, in the proce
Page 80 and 81:
public, the subjective has not inte
Page 82 and 83:
anarchic individualism and the left
Page 84 and 85:
has virtually disappeared from most
Page 86 and 87:
into commodities arises out of exch
Page 88 and 89:
wüchsige Theilung der Arbeit aus d
Page 90 and 91:
T A B LE VII. The Utilisation by En
Page 92 and 93:
Engels, in his 1888 edition of the
Page 94 and 95:
conceived the process as changing o
Page 96 and 97:
Anti-teleology in nature is interre
Page 98 and 99:
March 8, 1881.161 In a draft which
Page 100 and 101:
that the parts of the notebook B 14
Page 102 and 103:
TECHNICAL APPARATUS AND FORMATThe p
Page 104 and 105:
practice; occasionally, it is diffi
Page 107 and 108:
i Lewis H . Morganr1 “ Ancient So
Page 109 and 110:
dar. When discovered, stellten sie
Page 111 and 112:
Diese Differenz u. d. specific diff
Page 113 and 114:
sich vor 50 Jahren dort etablirten.
Page 115 and 116:
Im descriptiven System dagegen d. c
Page 117 and 118:
and fem ale cousins, are all withou
Page 119 and 120:
w ithin the present century; w idel
Page 121 and 122:
iodone on any part. There was no su
Page 123 and 124:
grandm other (O c’-sote), grandso
Page 125 and 126:
M y grandfather's father's brother
Page 127 and 128:
14 “ D a s M utterrecht” , w o
Page 129 and 130:
lived in polygamy; dies nicht the m
Page 131 and 132:
in the household; dies gave full fo
Page 133 and 134:
described by means o f the primary
Page 135 and 136:
II) Intermarriage o f Brothers and
Page 137 and 138:
tools passed through form s o fflin
Page 139 and 140:
T h e characters on the Copan monum
Page 141 and 142:
It was exhibited b y the Village In
Page 143 and 144:
manufacture earthen vessels o f man
Page 145 and 146:
eigenthum). Breeds o f horses alrea
Page 147 and 148:
the L ord doth com mand concerning
Page 149 and 150:
originally hereditary in the gens a
Page 151 and 152:
u. not can intermarry with each oth
Page 153 and 154:
j) Ippai marries his cousin Kapota
Page 155 and 156:
tobacco in garden beds, made unleav
Page 157 and 158:
praktisch the effects einer decease
Page 159 and 160:
Captives w hen adopted w ere often
Page 161 and 162:
u. L atin tribes in der relativ sp
Page 163 and 164:
u. Beaver gentes also have exchange
Page 165 and 166:
opposition vo n Seiten der opposite
Page 167 and 168:
interests, strangers in feeling, sc
Page 169 and 170:
com m on area. D ies gilt, in the m
Page 171 and 172:
control the increasing numbers des
Page 173 and 174:
Iroquois, the m ost destructive w o
Page 175 and 176:
stockades, lebten von fish u. game,
Page 177 and 178:
Mohawk Sachems u. to leave their na
Page 179 and 180:
| A m appointed day the Sachems of
Page 181 and 182:
was made. The / persons appointed t
Page 183 and 184:
several tribes in their confederate
Page 185 and 186:
estowed for merit, haben 7 sachems
Page 187 and 188:
placed in there from number of word
Page 189 and 190:
Gentes: i) Wolf 2) Red Paint 3) Lon
Page 191 and 192:
female deity - Go-gome-tha-mä’ (
Page 193 and 194:
I ll ) Turkey „ „ i) Turkey 2)
Page 195 and 196:
sie rückverwandelt wden in bears,
Page 197 and 198:
deren Waffen, implements u. ustensi
Page 199 and 200:
der Bund der Iroquois. Jeder tribe
Page 201 and 202:
writers, bei ändern gens) D . pueb
Page 203 and 204:
Brasseur de Bourbourg sagt “ near
Page 205 and 206:
died, all the senators called Tecut
Page 207 and 208:
transformed into civis. The re’dt
Page 209 and 210:
sagt: “ Jedes Kind wurde einregis
Page 211 and 212:
of the same deme, did not possess t
Page 213 and 214:
schon Dikaearchus rationalistisch s
Page 215 and 216:
tigkeit des office of βασιλε
Page 217 and 218:
So erstens t(u bemerken: Agamemnon
Page 219 and 220:
military levies which would require
Page 221 and 222:
lieb so bis Ende der athen. Demokra
Page 223 and 224:
into a tribe, was wahrscheinlich h
Page 225 and 226:
Jede Phyle od. District nach an Att
Page 227 and 228:
verarmt, unfähig ihre niedergeb ra
Page 229 and 230:
D ch andre Quellen constatirt dass
Page 231 and 232:
leges connected with them, when he
Page 233 and 234:
dieser change of name would not dis
Page 235 and 236:
Iu. customs, u. preserved in invent
Page 237 and 238:
tudinem roboris f u it ( L iv . /,
Page 239 and 240:
the ultimate decision in criminal c
Page 241 and 242:
Ifreien Römer in 2 Klassen: Aristo
Page 243 and 244:
5 classes, mit some modification of
Page 245 and 246:
Kinder aliens; aber wenn ein(e> Sen
Page 247 and 248:
legend applies gentile usages corre
Page 249 and 250:
guerriers) vocati sint; ita “nati
Page 251 and 252:
Tacit. Germ. VII, wo er von Armeefo
Page 254 and 255:
128 Sir. J . Phear: “ The Aryan V
Page 256 and 257:
weed; hier the people bathe, cleans
Page 258 and 259:
is no share coulter or breast; the
Page 260 and 261:
Krishna (incarnation of Vishnu) wo
Page 262 and 263:
The mass of the ryots who form the
Page 264 and 265:
them being the khatiyan (an account
Page 266 and 267:
xx) character of an agricultural vi
Page 268 and 269:
Puja dalan: die verandah, deren chi
Page 270 and 271:
vestry room) occur; manchmal ist’
Page 272 and 273:
zemindari amla and the headmen of t
Page 274 and 275:
(if he has it not otherwise, by cus
Page 276 and 277:
Talüq = a dependency; Tehsildar or
Page 278 and 279:
asins and i or 2 china plates in th
Page 280 and 281:
146 A 1st class family hat generall
Page 282 and 283:
forest, perhaps never kept by the K
Page 284 and 285:
Obgleich jeder shareholder in the v
Page 286 and 287:
land in ande (ande in terms of rece
Page 288 and 289:
elation “with their (!) lord” ;
Page 290 and 291:
the Malagava, Kandy, dem “learned
Page 292 and 293:
ment; dies was a mere transfer of a
Page 294:
PART mMARX’S EXCERPTS FROM HENRY
Page 297 and 298:
(“ W ill” ) ; ebenso conception
Page 299 and 300:
only connected with their new tribe
Page 301 and 302:
contains folio 5A : “ Numerous we
Page 303 and 304:
in occidental Europe mehr existirt
Page 305 and 306:
wenn nicht marking an office origin
Page 307 and 308:
lawyers at a later period called th
Page 309 and 310:
oder kaum zu ändern ist von status
Page 311 and 312:
lands. Diese Fuidhirs u. ausserdem
Page 313 and 314:
J74father or kenfine - [Dies W ort
Page 315 and 316:
“plantation of Ulster” the lots
Page 317 and 318:
sehr biassed für descent of proper
Page 319 and 320:
d. tribe etc. wenn getheilt, gleich
Page 321 and 322:
interest in the family property, bu
Page 323 and 324:
describe bodies of co-partners, for
Page 325 and 326:
of Gewalt als origin of Roman u. ot
Page 327 and 328:
the sky ... eine d. ältesten Insti
Page 329 and 330:
xthe right lang aufrecht erhalten i
Page 331 and 332:
literature (see Mr. Dasent) shows t
Page 333 and 334:
D . Gunst der indischen Gesetzgebun
Page 335 and 336:
T^9Näm lich: “ the wife survivin
Page 337 and 338: dent.” “ T o that superior the
Page 339 and 340: except one, and by connectingallfor
Page 341 and 342: Der comfortable Maine glaubt: “ T
Page 343 and 344: villages which recalcitrated at his
Page 345 and 346: in many communities, this force has
Page 348 and 349: iSir John Lubbock: “ The Origin o
Page 350 and 351: sisters; for the king’s sons neve
Page 352 and 353: Glauben an d. Reality d. fathers or
Page 354 and 355: quiera se usa,y por to do se entien
Page 356 and 357: off the shadows only, not caring fo
Page 358 and 359: mon people as mortal; as to the int
Page 360 and 361: Among the North American Indians, i
Page 362 and 363: Notes to Introduction, p. 2.N O T E
Page 364 and 365: Notes to Introduction, p. 5et al, L
Page 366 and 367: Notes to Introduction, p. 6.edition
Page 368 and 369: Notes to Introduction, p. 7.Noteboo
Page 370 and 371: Notes to Introduction, p. 7.362In f
Page 372 and 373: Notes to Introduction, pp. 7-8.cent
Page 374 and 375: Notes to Introduction, p. ιι.Part
Page 376 and 377: Notes to Introduction, pp. 12-17.ha
Page 378 and 379: Notes to Introduction, pp. 30-34.va
Page 380 and 381: Notes to Introduction, pp. 38-43.of
Page 382 and 383: Notes to Introduction, p. 43.langua
Page 384 and 385: Notes to Introduction, pp. 48-51.90
Page 386 and 387: Notes to Introduction, pp. 59-62.ex
Page 390 and 391: Notes to Introduction, p. 72.family
Page 392 and 393: Notes to Introduction, p. 72.v. 51,
Page 394 and 395: Notes to Introduction, pp. 74-77.ec
Page 396 and 397: Notes to Introduction, p. 77.Karl K
Page 398 and 399: Notes to Introduction, p. 77.coming
Page 400 and 401: Notes to Introduction, pp. 80-84.en
Page 402 and 403: Notes to Introduction, pp. 86-88.an
Page 404 and 405: Notes to Introduction, pp. 88-89.Th
Page 406 and 407: Notes to Morgan, pp. 97-113.2 Table
Page 408 and 409: Notes to Morgan, pp. 120-135.53 Ms.
Page 410 and 411: Notes to Morgan, pp. 154-174.Morgan
Page 412 and 413: Notes to Morgan, pp. 183-198.here t
Page 414 and 415: Notes to Morgan, pp. 210-215.199 bi
Page 416 and 417: Notes to Morgan, pp. 221-222.227
Page 422 and 423: Notes to Morgan, p. 241. Notes to P
Page 424 and 425: Notes to Maine, pp. 288-299.Caesar
Page 426 and 427: Notes to Maine, pp. 302-312.seiner
Page 428 and 429: Notes to Maine, pp. 329-335. Notes
Page 430 and 431: BIBLIOGRAPHYI. M ARX’S BIBLIOGRAP
Page 432 and 433: American Board in the Sandwich Isla
Page 434 and 435: Post : “ Anfänge des Staats- u.
Page 436 and 437: N O T E S T O B IB L IO G R A P H Y
Page 438 and 439:
B l a c k s t o n e , S i r W illia
Page 440 and 441:
F e n t o n , W. N. Seneca Indians
Page 442 and 443:
K a l o e v , B. A . M. M. Kovalevs
Page 444 and 445:
M a r x, K a r l. Das Kapital, v. i
Page 446 and 447:
P u m p h re y, R. J. The Forgotten
Page 448 and 449:
V i o l l e t , P a u l. Le caract
Page 450 and 451:
Acosta, Joseph de (ca. 1539-1600).
Page 452 and 453:
299. 3°2> 3° 4» 3° 5» 3°6, 30
Page 454 and 455:
Jaeger, Werner. (1888-1961). 375.Ob
Page 456 and 457:
Das Kapital (Capital). 5, 6, 16, 19
Page 458 and 459:
Sanchuniathon. 235. Stanihurst, Ric
Page 460:
Q U E L L E N U N D U N T E R S U C
show all

the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?