the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

contains folio 5A : “ Numerous were the human beings in Ireland at thattime (i.e. the time of the sons of A ed Slane A . D . 618-694) and such wastheir number that they used not to get but thrice 9 ridges for each man inIreland to wit, 9 of bog,, and 9 of smooth (arable), and 9 of wood” (114 )Another Irish Mscpt, believed of the 12. century, the “Lebor na Huidre”says that “ there was not ditch, nor fence, nor stonewall round land, tillcame the period o f the sons of A ed Slane, but (only) smooth fields. Becauseo f the abundance of the households in their period, therefore it isthat they introduced boundaries in Ireland” . (114 ) Beide schreiben achange from a system o f collective to a system of restricted enjoyment zudem “ growth of population” . The periodical allotment to each householdof a definite portion o f bogland, wood land, u. arable land gleicht sehrdem apportionment o f pasture and wood and arable land still going onunder the communal rules of the Swiss Allmenden (I.e.)Herr Maine als blockheaded Englishman geht nicht von gens aus, sondernvon Patriarch, der später Chief wird etc. Albernheiten. (116 -18 ). Diespasst namtlich für d. älteste Form der gens! - Dieser Patriarch - z.B. bei164 d. Morganschen Iroquois (wo d.gens in female descent!) | D er BlödsinnMaine’s gipfelt in d. Satz: “ Thus all the branches o f human society mayor may not have been developed from joint families [wo er grade diejetzige Hindooform der letzteren im A u g hat, dies sehr sekundärenCharacter hat, u. deshalb15 auch - ausserhalb d. village communities thront,namentlich in d. Städten\\ which arose out of an original patriarchal cell;but, wherever the Joint Family is an Institution of the Aryan race (!),we (who ?) see it springing from such a cell, and when it dissolves, we seeit dissolving into a number o f such cells.” (118)Property of land has had a twofold (?) origin ... partly from the disentanglementof the individual rights of the kindred or tribesmen from the collectiverights of the Family or Tribe ... partly from the growth and transmutation ofthe Sovereignty of the Tribal Chief. [Also nicht 2 fold origin; sondern nur 2ramifications o f the same source; the tribal property u. tribal collectivebody, which includes the tribal chief.]1 6 ___ Beide in most of WesternEurope passed through the crucible of feudalism___ The first (thesovereignty of the Chief) re-appeared in some wellmarked characteristicsof military or knightly tenures ... the other in the principal rules of non-nobleholdings, and amongst them of Socage, the distinctive tenure o f the freefarmer. (120) In sehr oberflächlicher Weise: “ The Status of the Chiefleft one bequest in the rule o f Primogeniture, which, however, has longlost its most ancient form ; ... in the right to receive certain dues and toenforce certain monopolies; and drittens in a specially absolute form of property... once exclusively enjoyed by the chief (?), and after him by the Lord, in aportion of the tribal territory which formed his own dominion. Andrerseits: Outof tribal ownership in various forms of decay have sprung several systems ofsuccession after death, among them the equal division of the land between the292