the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

only connected with their new tribe by their dependence on its chief,and through the responsibility which he incurs for them. (92)Particular families manage to elude the theoretically periodical re-divisiono f the common patrimony o f the group; others obtain allotments withits consent as the reward o f service or the ap(p)anage of office; and thereis a constant transfer o f lands to the Church, and an intimate intermixtureo f tribal rights with ecclesiastical rights Brehon law shows that bythe time it was put into shape, causes etc. tending to result in SeveralProperty ... had largely taken effect. (95) The severance of land fromthe common territory appears most complete in the case o f Chiefs, manyof whom have large private estates held under ordinary tenure in 12addition to the demesne specially attached to their signory. (I.e.)Dieser asinus bildet sich ein dass “ modern research conveys a strongerimpression than ever of a wide separation between the Aryan race and races ofother stocks (!) but it suggests that many, perhaps most, of the differencesin kind alleged to exist between Aryan sub-races are really differencesmerely in degree of development. (96)Anfang d. X V I I Jhdts erklärten d. Anglo-Irish Judges the English CommonLaw to be in force throughout Ireland, u. so seit dem lausigen James Iall land to descend to the eldest son of the last owner, unless its devolutionwas otherwise determined by settlement or will. Der Sir John Davis,2in seinem report of the case u. d. arguments before the Court, recites thathitherto all land in Ireland had descended under the rule of Tanistry oderthose of Gavelkind. Was dieser Davis 2 sich einbildet as system of inheritance,called Gavelkind, he (Davis)2 describes so : “ When a landowning membero f an Irish Sept died, its chief made a re-distribution of all the lands of the Sept.He did not divide the estate of the dead man among his children, but used itto increase the allotments o f the various households of which the Septwas made up. Aber was diesen English judges nur als “ systems ofsuccession” erscheint, war “ ancient mode o f enjoyment during life” . (99)So in the Hindoo Joint Undivided Family the stirpes or stocks, dem Europeanlaw nur bekannt as branches o f inheritors, are actual divisions of the family,and live together in distinct parts of the common dwelling. (Calcutta Review,July 1874, p. 208) (100)Rundale holdings in part o f Ireland; jetzt meist common form: arable landheld in severalty (dies beschreibt d. Sache falsch!), while pasture u. bog arein common. Aber noch vor 50 Jahren, cases were frequent w o d. arable landdivided in farms which shifted among the tenant-families periodically, andsometimes annually. (101) Nach Maine “ the Irish holdings “ in rundale”are not forms of property, but modes of appropriation” , 13 aber d. Burscheselbst bemerkt: “ archaic kinds of tenancy are constantly evidence of ancientforms of proprietorship___ Superior ownership arises through purchase fromsmall allodial proprietors (?), through colonization o f village waste-landsbecome in time the lord’s waste, or (in an earlier stage) through the sinking290