the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

paddy fields, usual that every gathering of the crop should be made in the presenceof all the sharers, and the produce then and there divided according to the shares.H In such cases verrichten all the sharers together the necessary work incidentalto the cultivation or the keeping up of the plantation and constitute in fact acooperative society. Eine andre Praxis ist dass d. sharers let out the land orplantation in Ande, entweder to an outsider, or to one or more ofthemselves. Dann alle sharers to be present at the division of the produce,which is effected in 2 steps, first division into moieties und dann a division ofone moiety among the sharers. (202, 203) Manchmal the enjoyment of theproperty by tatta maru succession; erst getheilt (ideell), u. every sharerobtaining his proper number of parts, dann takes the entirely for the samenumber of seasons as he is entitled to parts, giving it up at the end of suchperiod of time to the sharer who stands next in the rota etc. Z.B. A , B , Cjoindy entitled to a paddy field in undivided shares proportionate to 2, 3,and 4, i.e. to a 2/9, 1/3, 4/9 share of the whole respectively, then A wouldtake the whole field for 2 years, B for 3, u. schliesslich C for 4, u. thenthe set of turns repeated in the same order, for successive periods of 9 years,until some sharer (should) insist upon having an actual partition of thefield. (203, 204)Aehnliche Sorte of Reihenfolge adoptirt in einigen villages an d. Küste zum151 enjoyment by the villagers of the j fishing grounds belonging to the village;diese are divided into localities; u. d. recognised boats of the village fish theselocalities by turns which are settled by gansabawa arrangement. Jedesdieser boats mit its nets is a valuable property, belonging to many co-sharersjoindy, who are commonly members of one family, and have becomeentided to their shares by inheritance__ On a day's fishing the produceis drawn ashore, divided in a sufficient number of lots, each estimated to beworth the same assigned value, u. diese lots then so distributed, dass:1/60 to the owner of the land on which the fish are brought ashore; x/4 tothose engaged in the labour; x/5 for the assistance of extra nets etc, rendered bythird parties in the process of landing and securing the fish, whichtogether = 2 + 25 + 2 0 = 47 ;die remaining 53 go to the owners of the100 100; 100boat and net according to their share therein. (204, 205)Panguwa = share of the village paddy field, das dem Singhalese nilacarayazukommt. (206)The cultivation in ande bei d. Singhalese ist precise counterpart der bataicultivation der Bengalese. The deputing of the right to cultivate the soil, asdistinguished from the letting out land as a commodity in beiden agriculturalsystems. The usufructuary mortgage, flowing from this conception, is theprevailing form of dealing mit the panguwa u. the jot respectively as commodities.(207, 208)In Ceylon wie in Bengal double set of village officers, one ernöthigt dchrelation der members der little village republic to each other, andre dch278