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Glauben an d. Reality d. fathers or brothers (als still living), die ihnen imTraum erscheinen, grandfathers dagegen regarded as generally dead. (163)Worship of Idols characterises a somewhat higher stage of human development;no traces of it among the lowest races of man in Lafitau (Moeurs desSauvages Américains, v. I, p. 151) sagt mit Recht: “ On peut dire en généralque le grand nombre des peuples sauvages n’a point d’idoles” . Sindnicht zu verwechseln mit Fetisch; fetichism is an attack on the Deity,Idolatry an act of submission to him. (225)The idol usually assumes the human form, and idolatry is closely connectedwith that form of religion which consists in the worship of ancestors,(p. 228) The worship of ancestors ... more or less prevalent among allthe aboriginal tribes of Central India. (229) The Kaffirs sacrifice and pray totheir deceased relatives. (I.e.) Other races endeavour to preserve thememory of the dead by rude statues. Pallas ( Voyages, v. IV , p. 79) mentionsthat the Ostyaks of Siberia “rendent un culte à leurs morts. Ils sculptent desfigures de bois pour représenter les Ostiakes célébrés. Dans les repas decommémoration on place devant ces figures une partie des mets. Les femmes quiont chéri leurs maris ont de pareilles figures, les couchent avec elles, les parent,et ne mangent point sans leur présenter une partie de leur portion.”Erman (“ Travels in Siberia,” v. II p. 56) also mentions that when a mandies “the relatives form a rude wooden image representing, and in honourof, the deceased, which is set up in their yurt, and receives divine honours”4 for a certain time. “At every meal they set an offering | of food beforethe image etc.” (I.e.) In ordinary cases this semi-worship only lasts a fewyears, after which the image is burned. “But when a Shaman dies, thiscustom changes in his favour, into a complete and decided canonisationdann(fahrt Erman fort) erhält “ the dressed block of wood which represents thedeceased” nicht nur “homage for a limited period” , sondern “the priest’sdescendants do their best to keep him in vogue from generation togeneration; [sieh den Phear, “ The Aryan Village,7 wo ganz dasselbe nochheute in Bengal für Aristocraten etc] and by well-contrived oracles andother arts, they manage to procure offerings for their families' penates, asabundant as those laid on the altars of the universally acknowledged gods.But that the latter (sagt Erman) also have an historical origin, that they wereoriginally monuments of distinguished men, to which prescription andthe interest of the Shamans gave by degrees an arbitrary meaning and importance,seems to me not liable to doubt; and this is, furthermore,corroborated by the circumstance (that) of all the sacred yurts dedicated tothese saints, which have been numerous from the earliest times in thevicinity of the river, only one has been seen (near Samarovo) containing theimage of a woman.” (p. 230)[Lubb. citirt den Salomon d. Weisen (Wisdom, ch. X I V , p. 12) wo dieserwiseacre flgdes orakelt über d. origin des worship of statues as of deities.“ 13. Neither were they from the beginning, neither shall they beforever.343
14- For by the vainglory of men they entered into the world’, and thereforeshall they come shordy to an end.15. For a father afflicted with untimely mourning, when he hathmade an image of his child soon taken away, now honoured him as agod, which was then a dead man, and delivered to those that wereunder him ceremonies and sacrifices.16. Thus, in process of time, an ungodly custom grown strong waskept as a law, and graven images were worshipped by the commandments ofkings:17. Whom men could not honour in presence, because they dwelt far off,they took the counterfeit of the visage from far, and made an express imageof a king whom they honoured, to the end that by this their forwardness,they might flatter him that was absent, as if he. were present;18. Also the singular diligence of the artificer did help to set forwardthe ignorant to more superstition.19. For he, (viz: the artificer), peradventure willing to please one inauthority, forced all his skill to make the resemblance of the best fashion.20. And so (the) multitude, allured by the grace of the work, took himnow for a god, which a litde before was but honoured as a man.” ]The idol is by no means regarded as a mere emblem. In India (Dubois,p. 407), when the offerings of the people have been less profuse than usual,the Brahmans sometimes “put the idols in irons, chaining their hands andfeet. They exhibit them to the people in this humiliating state, into whichthey tell them they have been brought by rigorous creditors, from whom theirgods had been obliged, in times of trouble, to borrow money to supply their wants.They declare that the inexorable creditors refuse to set the god at liberty, untilthe whole sum, with interest, shall have been paid. The people come forward,alarmed at the sight of their divinity in irons; and thinking it the mostmeritorious of all good works to contribute to his deliverance, they raisethe sum required by the Brahmans for that purpose.” (p. 231)(Vgl. hierzu Don Quixote, 2 Theil, ch. X X III, wo der Brave in d. Höhledes Montesinos. Während er mit letzterem sich unterhält, sieht er una delas dos companeras de la sin Ventura Dulcinea zu ihm kommen, y llenoslos ojos de lagrimas, con turbada y baxa vos me dixo: mi senora Dulcineadel Toboso besa a vuesa merced las manos, y suplica a vuesa merced se lahaga de hacerla saber cömo estä, y que por estar en una gran necesidad,asimismo suplica ä vuesa merced cuan encarecidamente puede, sea servido deprestarle sobre este faldellin que aqui traigo de cotonia nuevo, media docena dereales, ö los que vuesa merced tuviere, que ella da su palabra de volverselus conmucha brevedad. Suspendiöme (erzählt Don Quixote dem Sancho Panza u.dem Studiosus) y admiröme el tal recado, y volviendome al senorMontesinos, le pregunte:
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Among the most important of the mat
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Q U ELLEN UND UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR GE
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Printed in the Netherlands by Van G
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CONTENTSForeword.IXIntroductionSect
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ForewordThe conception of this book
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INTRODUCTIONThe ethnological writin
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the other, were deficient in critic
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undertook the wholly empirical stud
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later, of Lubbock.15 The sets of ex
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still, after the institution of gen
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ship; Marx attributed the developme
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-j6 Böckh on population of Attica;
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with the question of caste was rais
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these two opposing sides together,
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without comment (excerpts, p. 8). T
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Grundrisse and in C apital.47 The r
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occasion for a performance of virtu
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signalized by means of the marginal
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Excerpts p. Morgan excerptsMarx’s
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within the contexts of Phear and Ma
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not only accepted this, but rendere
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community by cultural and social hi
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e interpreted ex silentio, by his c
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excerpts, p. 170), who cited as an
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ut against Maine’s extravagance (
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tween the social collectivities are
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conception of science as classifica
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approaches the modern ethnography b
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Man in the civilized condition is f
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The latter98 had inferred that the
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The idea of R. M. Maclver and R. H.
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ethnological thought. It is an anac
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an internally antagonistic creature
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actuality of the relations of the s
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introduction, and that the transiti
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song styles of the Iroquois, Indian
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nature by Marx, in contrast to Hege
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formed as the same, this is a subje
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communal institutions, in the proce
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public, the subjective has not inte
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anarchic individualism and the left
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has virtually disappeared from most
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into commodities arises out of exch
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wüchsige Theilung der Arbeit aus d
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T A B LE VII. The Utilisation by En
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Engels, in his 1888 edition of the
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conceived the process as changing o
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Anti-teleology in nature is interre
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March 8, 1881.161 In a draft which
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that the parts of the notebook B 14
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TECHNICAL APPARATUS AND FORMATThe p
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practice; occasionally, it is diffi
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i Lewis H . Morganr1 “ Ancient So
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dar. When discovered, stellten sie
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Diese Differenz u. d. specific diff
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sich vor 50 Jahren dort etablirten.
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Im descriptiven System dagegen d. c
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and fem ale cousins, are all withou
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w ithin the present century; w idel
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iodone on any part. There was no su
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grandm other (O c’-sote), grandso
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M y grandfather's father's brother
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14 “ D a s M utterrecht” , w o
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lived in polygamy; dies nicht the m
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in the household; dies gave full fo
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described by means o f the primary
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II) Intermarriage o f Brothers and
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tools passed through form s o fflin
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T h e characters on the Copan monum
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It was exhibited b y the Village In
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manufacture earthen vessels o f man
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eigenthum). Breeds o f horses alrea
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the L ord doth com mand concerning
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originally hereditary in the gens a
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u. not can intermarry with each oth
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j) Ippai marries his cousin Kapota
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tobacco in garden beds, made unleav
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praktisch the effects einer decease
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Captives w hen adopted w ere often
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u. L atin tribes in der relativ sp
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u. Beaver gentes also have exchange
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opposition vo n Seiten der opposite
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interests, strangers in feeling, sc
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com m on area. D ies gilt, in the m
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control the increasing numbers des
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Iroquois, the m ost destructive w o
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stockades, lebten von fish u. game,
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Mohawk Sachems u. to leave their na
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| A m appointed day the Sachems of
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was made. The / persons appointed t
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several tribes in their confederate
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estowed for merit, haben 7 sachems
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placed in there from number of word
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Gentes: i) Wolf 2) Red Paint 3) Lon
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female deity - Go-gome-tha-mä’ (
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I ll ) Turkey „ „ i) Turkey 2)
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sie rückverwandelt wden in bears,
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deren Waffen, implements u. ustensi
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der Bund der Iroquois. Jeder tribe
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writers, bei ändern gens) D . pueb
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Brasseur de Bourbourg sagt “ near
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died, all the senators called Tecut
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transformed into civis. The re’dt
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sagt: “ Jedes Kind wurde einregis
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of the same deme, did not possess t
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schon Dikaearchus rationalistisch s
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tigkeit des office of βασιλε
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So erstens t(u bemerken: Agamemnon
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military levies which would require
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lieb so bis Ende der athen. Demokra
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into a tribe, was wahrscheinlich h
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Jede Phyle od. District nach an Att
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verarmt, unfähig ihre niedergeb ra
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D ch andre Quellen constatirt dass
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leges connected with them, when he
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dieser change of name would not dis
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Iu. customs, u. preserved in invent
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tudinem roboris f u it ( L iv . /,
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the ultimate decision in criminal c
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Ifreien Römer in 2 Klassen: Aristo
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5 classes, mit some modification of
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Kinder aliens; aber wenn ein(e> Sen
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legend applies gentile usages corre
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guerriers) vocati sint; ita “nati
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Tacit. Germ. VII, wo er von Armeefo
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128 Sir. J . Phear: “ The Aryan V
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weed; hier the people bathe, cleans
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is no share coulter or breast; the
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Krishna (incarnation of Vishnu) wo
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The mass of the ryots who form the
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them being the khatiyan (an account
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xx) character of an agricultural vi
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Puja dalan: die verandah, deren chi
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vestry room) occur; manchmal ist’
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zemindari amla and the headmen of t
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(if he has it not otherwise, by cus
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Talüq = a dependency; Tehsildar or
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asins and i or 2 china plates in th
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146 A 1st class family hat generall
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forest, perhaps never kept by the K
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Obgleich jeder shareholder in the v
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land in ande (ande in terms of rece
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elation “with their (!) lord” ;
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the Malagava, Kandy, dem “learned
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ment; dies was a mere transfer of a
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PART mMARX’S EXCERPTS FROM HENRY
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(“ W ill” ) ; ebenso conception
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only connected with their new tribe
Page 301 and 302: contains folio 5A : “ Numerous we
Page 303 and 304: in occidental Europe mehr existirt
Page 305 and 306: wenn nicht marking an office origin
Page 307 and 308: lawyers at a later period called th
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Page 311 and 312: lands. Diese Fuidhirs u. ausserdem
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Page 315 and 316: “plantation of Ulster” the lots
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Page 319 and 320: d. tribe etc. wenn getheilt, gleich
Page 321 and 322: interest in the family property, bu
Page 323 and 324: describe bodies of co-partners, for
Page 325 and 326: of Gewalt als origin of Roman u. ot
Page 327 and 328: the sky ... eine d. ältesten Insti
Page 329 and 330: xthe right lang aufrecht erhalten i
Page 331 and 332: literature (see Mr. Dasent) shows t
Page 333 and 334: D . Gunst der indischen Gesetzgebun
Page 335 and 336: T^9Näm lich: “ the wife survivin
Page 337 and 338: dent.” “ T o that superior the
Page 339 and 340: except one, and by connectingallfor
Page 341 and 342: Der comfortable Maine glaubt: “ T
Page 343 and 344: villages which recalcitrated at his
Page 345 and 346: in many communities, this force has
Page 348 and 349: iSir John Lubbock: “ The Origin o
Page 350 and 351: sisters; for the king’s sons neve
Page 354 and 355: quiera se usa,y por to do se entien
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Page 358 and 359: mon people as mortal; as to the int
Page 360 and 361: Among the North American Indians, i
Page 362 and 363: Notes to Introduction, p. 2.N O T E
Page 364 and 365: Notes to Introduction, p. 5et al, L
Page 366 and 367: Notes to Introduction, p. 6.edition
Page 368 and 369: Notes to Introduction, p. 7.Noteboo
Page 370 and 371: Notes to Introduction, p. 7.362In f
Page 372 and 373: Notes to Introduction, pp. 7-8.cent
Page 374 and 375: Notes to Introduction, p. ιι.Part
Page 376 and 377: Notes to Introduction, pp. 12-17.ha
Page 378 and 379: Notes to Introduction, pp. 30-34.va
Page 380 and 381: Notes to Introduction, pp. 38-43.of
Page 382 and 383: Notes to Introduction, p. 43.langua
Page 384 and 385: Notes to Introduction, pp. 48-51.90
Page 386 and 387: Notes to Introduction, pp. 59-62.ex
Page 388 and 389: Notes to Introduction, p. 71.des, 1
Page 390 and 391: Notes to Introduction, p. 72.family
Page 392 and 393: Notes to Introduction, p. 72.v. 51,
Page 394 and 395: Notes to Introduction, pp. 74-77.ec
Page 396 and 397: Notes to Introduction, p. 77.Karl K
Page 398 and 399: Notes to Introduction, p. 77.coming
Page 400 and 401: Notes to Introduction, pp. 80-84.en
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Notes to Introduction, pp. 86-88.an
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Notes to Introduction, pp. 88-89.Th
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Notes to Morgan, pp. 97-113.2 Table
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Notes to Morgan, pp. 120-135.53 Ms.
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Notes to Morgan, pp. 154-174.Morgan
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Notes to Morgan, pp. 183-198.here t
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Notes to Morgan, pp. 210-215.199 bi
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Notes to Morgan, pp. 221-222.227
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Notes to Morgan, p. 241. Notes to P
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Notes to Maine, pp. 288-299.Caesar
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Notes to Maine, pp. 302-312.seiner
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Notes to Maine, pp. 329-335. Notes
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BIBLIOGRAPHYI. M ARX’S BIBLIOGRAP
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American Board in the Sandwich Isla
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Post : “ Anfänge des Staats- u.
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N O T E S T O B IB L IO G R A P H Y
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B l a c k s t o n e , S i r W illia
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F e n t o n , W. N. Seneca Indians
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K a l o e v , B. A . M. M. Kovalevs
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M a r x, K a r l. Das Kapital, v. i
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P u m p h re y, R. J. The Forgotten
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V i o l l e t , P a u l. Le caract
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Acosta, Joseph de (ca. 1539-1600).
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299. 3°2> 3° 4» 3° 5» 3°6, 30
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Jaeger, Werner. (1888-1961). 375.Ob
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Das Kapital (Capital). 5, 6, 16, 19
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Sanchuniathon. 235. Stanihurst, Ric
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Q U E L L E N U N D U N T E R S U C
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