the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

d. alten normalen rule, die gegründet auf descent der gens in der female line,der74 primitiven. So verhält es sich allzuerst mit den “ Anomalien” inRecht etc. (In d. Sprache d. Ausnahmen auch allzuerst Ueberbleihsel d.älteren, ursprünglicheren) D . alte Norm erscheint in veränderten relativmodernen Zustand als “ Anomalie” , als unverständliche Ausnahme.Sämdiche indische Rechtsquellen u. Commentare verfasst, nachdem d.descent in female line schon seit lange übergegangen in descent in male line.(Aus Strange ferner ersichtbar, dass in verschiednen Theilen Indiens d. Anomaliemehr od. minder “ vollständiges” Ueberbleibsel.)Die von Maine citirte Stelle aus Mitakshara lautet:“ That which is given (to the wife) by the father, the mother, the husband,or a brother, at the time o f the wedding, before the nuptial fire.” Aberd. compiler o f the Mitakshara adds a proposition not found elsewhere:“ also property which she may have acquired by inheritance, purchase,partition, seizure, or finding, is denominated by Manu and the others“ woman's p r o p e r ty (M it. X I. 2) (p. 322)Hierüber heftige controversies unter d. Brahminical commentators.U. a. erklärt sich d. pfiffige Maine d. Sache wie folgt:Unter d. Aryan Communities findet76 man “ the earliest traces of theseparate property o f women in the widely diffused ancient institutionknown as Bride-Price. Part o f this price, which was paid by the bridegroomeither at the wedding or the day after it, went to the bride’s fatheras compensation ( !) for the Patriarchal or Family authority which was transferredto the husband, but another part went to the bride herself and was generallyenjoyed by her separately and kept apart from her husband’s property.It further appears that under a certain number o f Aryan customs theproprietary rights of other kinds which women slowly acquired were assimilatedto their rights in their portion of the Bride-Price, probably ( !) as being theonly existing type of women’s property.” (324) Richtig dagegen wasMaine sagt: “ There are in fact clear indications o f a sustained generaleffort on the part of the Brahminical writers on mixed law and religion, tolimit the privileges o f women which they seem to have found recognisedby older authorities.” (325. In Rom selbst die Stellung d. patria potestasvis-à-vis der Frau exaggerated in opposition to the old contrary tradition.)D . Sauerei der Brahminen gipfelt in d. “ Suttee” or widow burning. Dassdiese practice “ malus usus” , nicht “ law” sagt schon Strange, da sich beiManu u. other high authorities nichts davon finde; dieser “ as the conditionon which the widow may aspire to Heaven” have simply requiredthat she should, on the decease of her husband, live a life of seclusion,privation, and decency.” (Post, p. 245) Im Shaster auch noch d. suttee(Strange I.e. p. 241) nur recommended. Aber sieh oben, wie d. Brahminenselbst d. Sache erklären (“property designed fo r religious uses") u. d. Interesseder Burschen, denen sie d. Nachlassenscft zuwälzen (die dafür have to paythe expenses of the ceremonial). Strange spricht ausdrücklich of “ designingBrahmins” u. “ interested relatives” (I.e. p. 239)325