the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

every portion of land has its respective owner; and even the distinct trees on theland had sometimes different proprietors, and the tree, and the land it grew on,different owners.” (Ellis, Polynesian Researches, v. II, p. 362) In New Zealandthere were 3 distinct tenures of land, vi%. by the tribe, by the family, and by theindividual. The common rights of a tribe were often very extensive, andcomplicated by intermarriages__ Children, as soon as they were born, hada right to a share of the family property. (Taylor: New Zealand and its Inhabitants,p. 384)xxxSelbe System of Primogeniture, in combination with inheritance throughfemales, is also in full force in Feejee, where it is known as Vasu; which |8 means a nephew or niece, “but becomes a title of office in the case of the male,who, in some localities, has the extraordinary privilege of appropriatingwhatever he chooses belonging to his uncle, or those under his uncle’spower ... However high a Feejee chief may be, if he has a nephew, he hasa master.” (315)Vielleicht mit ähnlichem zusammenhängend “ the curious custom ofnaming the father after the child. In Australien sehr allgemein when amarts eldest child is named, the father takes “the name of the child, Kadlitpinna,the father of Kadli; the mother is called Kadlingangki, or motherof Kadli, from ngangki, a female or woman.” In America die same habit.{Smithsonian Report. 1866) Thus with the “Kutchin the father takes hisname from his son or daughter; des Vater’s Name gebildet dch addition d.Worts tee to the end of the son’s name; z.B. Que-ech-et may have a sonand call him Sah-neu. The father is now called Sah-neu-tee u. his formername Que-ech-et is forgotten.”In Sumatra (Marsden, “History of Sumatra” , p. 286) the father, in manyparts of the country is distinguished by the name of his first child, as“Pa-Ladin” or “Pa-Rindu” (Pa for bapa, signifying ‘the father of’) andloses, in this acquired, his own proper name ... The women never changethe name given them at their birth ; yet frequently they are called throughcourtesy from their eldest child : “Ma si ano” , “the mother of such an one” ,but rather as a polite description than a name.”Bei lower races of men, the chiefs scarcely take any cognisance of offences,unless they relate to things directly concerning, or supposed to concern,the interests of the community generally. As to private injuries, everyonemust protect or avenge himself. Du Tertre (History of the Caribby Islands,p. 316; see also Labat: Voyage aux Isles d’Amérique, v. II,p . 8f) sagt: dieadministration der Justice “among the Caribbians, is not exercised by theCaptain, nor by any magistrate; but, as it is among the Tapinambous, he whothinks himself injured gets such satisfaction of his adversary as he thinksfit, according as his passion dictates to him, or his strength permits him;the public does not concern itself at all in the punishment of criminals,and if anyone among them suffers an injury or affront without endeavouringto revenge17 himself, he is slighted by all the rest, and accounteda coward, and a person of no esteem.”350