the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

Eastern hemisphere: w e find its native tribes in dieser Periode, m it domesticanimals, yielding them a m ilk and meat subsistence aber w hsclich ohnehorticultural u. farinaceous food. W ild horse, cow, sheep, ass, sow;75 ihreZähmung gab grossen Im puls; produced in herds u. flocks they becamesource o f permanent progress. D er effect wde erst allgemein, sobald pastorallife established for the creation u. maintenance o f flocks. Europa, alshauptsächlich W ald area, unadapted to the pastoral state; aber d.grass plains o f high A sia u. upon the Euphrates, the Tigris u. other riverso f A sia, natural homes der pastoral tribes. T hither they w ou ld naturallytend; there the rem ote A ryan ancestors found confronting like pastoralSemitic tribes.Cultur v. cereals u. plants muss vorhergegangen sein ihrer migration von den grassplains in d. Forest areas v . Westasien u. Europa. D iese Cultur forced uponthem by the necessities o f the domestic animals now incorporated into theirplan o f life. (Dies vielleicht nicht Fall bei d. Celts')Woven fabrics o ffla x and wool u. bronze implements u. weapons erscheinen indsr Period auch, in d. oestlichen Hemisphäre.T o cross the barrier into the Upper Status o f barbarism unentbehrlichmetallic tools able to hold an edge and point; dazu nöthig Invention d. process o fIron smelting.Eigenthum: Grosser Zuwachs v. personal property u. einige changes in the relationso f persons to land. D . territorial domain gehörte noch d. Tribus in common;aber a portion now set apart fo r support o f the government, andrer fürreligious uses, u. noch wichtigere portion - das, wovon V o lk seine Subsisten%be^og, divided unter the several gentes, or communities o f persons who resided inthe same pueblo. Niem and ow ned lands or houses in his ow n right mitM acht zu verkaufen u. übermachen in fee simple, w em er w ollte.Individual ownership o f houses and lands excluded b y gemeinschftlichesEigenthum an lands dch gentes od communities o f persons, joint-tenementhouses u. mode o f occupation by related fam ilies.Rev. Sam. Gorman, Missionäre unter d. Laguna Pueblo Indians, in addressto the H istorical Society o f N ew M exico says:“ The right o f property belongs to the female part o f the fam ily, anddescends in that line from m other to daughter. Their land is held incommon, but after a person cultivates a lot he has personal claim to it,which he can sell to one o f the community. . . Their women, generally, havecontrol o f the granary, are m ore provident than their Spanish neighboursabout the future. Ordinarily they try to have a year's provision on hand.1* Itis only w hen two years o f scarcity succeed each other, that Pueblos, as acommunity, suffer hunger. (Morgan p . jß 6 , N te . Possessory rights, existingin individuals or families, inalienable ausser dch inheritance to his orher gentile heirs.T h e M oqui Village Indians, ausser 7 large pueblos u. gardens, haben jetztflocks o f sheep, horses and mules u. considerable other personal property;132