the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

D. Oneidas, being a subdivision of the Mohawks, u. d. Cayugas a subdivisiono f the Onondagas or Senecas, they were in reality younger tribes, hence theirrelations of juniors u. seniors u. application of the phratric principle.When the tribes named in Council, the Mohawks named first, their tribalepithet: “ The Shield’’'; next the Onondagas, under epithet of “ Name-Bearer” ,because they had been appointed to select and name the jo original sachems.Nach d. tradition d. Onondagas deputed a wiseman to visit the territorieso f the tribes and select and name the new Sachems je nach circumstances;which explains the unequal distribution of office among the several gentes;next in order the Senecas, the “ Doorkeeper” , were made perpetual keeperso f the western door of the Long House; dann d. Oneidas, the “ Great Tree”u. d. Cayugas the “ Great Pipe” ; the Tuscaroras named last ohne distin-50 guishing epithet. | D . Foreign tribe represented at the Council dch adelegation of wise-men u. chiefs who bore their proposition and presentedit in person. Nach ihrer introduction, macht einer d. Sachem shortaddress, thanking the Great Spirit etc, dann informing the delegates dassCouncil prepared to hear them. One of the delegates submits the propositionin form, sustains it by arguments; 133 nach conclusion der address,the delegation withdraws vom Council to wait at a distance. Nun Debateunter d. Sachems; when decision come to, a speaker appointed to communicatethe answer of the council zu deren Empfang the delegation wererecalled. Als Speaker des Council meist chosen einer von tribe, der hadconvened the council; macht förmlichen speech reviewing the wholequestion, theilt dann rejection (mit reasons) mit od. acceptance (völlig od.in part). Im letzteren Fall belts of wampum exchanged as evidence of the termso f the agreement.“ This belt preserves my words” , common remark of an Iroquois chief incouncil, often delivering the belt as evidence of what he had said. Severalsuch belts given in the course of a negotiation to the opposite party. Inthe reply of the latter a belt would be returned for each proposition accepted.Unanimity of the Sachems required upon all public questions u. essentialto the validity o f every public act; it was a fundamental law der confed-I eracy; kannten nichts von majorities u. minorities in the action of councils; zur' Erreichg d. votes die oben angeführten classes. Kein Sachem allowed toexpress an opinion in council in the nature of a vote bevor er nicht had firstagreed with the sachem or sachems seiner class upon the opinion to be expressed,and had been appointed to act as a speaker for the class. So d. 8 Senecasachems in 4 classes konnten nur 4 opinions haben, u. d. 10 Cayugasachems, in selber number of classes, konnten auch nur 4 opinions haben.Dann a cross134 consultation zwischen d. 4 sachems appointed to speak forthe 4 classes; when they had agreed, they designated one of their number toexpress their resulting opinion, which was the answer of their tribe. Wenn sod. Sachems jedes-der tribes separately had become o f one mind, theirseveral opinions compared u. if they agreed the decision o f the council170