the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

except one, and by connectingallforms ofpolitical superiority together throughtheir common possession of force. [Das ist nicht der Grundfehler; dieser |192 ist, dass d. political superiority, whatever its peculiar shape, and whateverthe ensemble of its elements, is taken als etwas über d. Gesellschaftstehendes, auf sich selbst beruhendes.] The elements neglected in theprocess are always important, sometimes of extreme importance, for theyconsist of all the elements controlling human action except force directly appliedor directly apprehended. [Z.B . die bessere Bewaffnung ist schon ein direct aufFortschritt in d. Productionsmitteln (diese fallen z.B. bei Jagd u. Fischfangdirect zusammen mit Zerstörungsmitteln, Kriegsmitteln) berühendes Element.]but the operation of throwing them aside for purposes of classificationis ... perfectly legitimate.” (359) W e reject in the process o f abstractionby which the conception of Sovereignty is reached ... the entire history ofeach community ... the mode in which the result has been arrived at. (360)Seine flache Kritik,89 die er unter zum Theil richtig klingender Phraseologieverbirgt, windet sich ab erstens in folgender Phrase: “ It is itshistory90 (des Gemeinwesens), the entire mass of its historical antecedents,which in each community determines how the Sovereign shall exerciseor forbear from exercising his irresistible coercive power,” (p. 360)aber diese ganze Geschichte löst sich bei Maine in socalled “ moral elements”auf, denn er fährt wieder, als either Jurist od.91 Ideolog unmittelbarfort: “ A ll that constitutes this - the whole enormous aggregate ofopinions, sentiments, beliefs, superstitions, and prejudices of all kinds, hereditaryand acquired, some produced by institutions and some by the constitutionof human nature - is rejected by the Analytical Jurists. And thus it is that,so far as the restrictions contained in their definition of Sovereignty areconcerned, the Queen and Parliament o f our own country might directall weakly children to be put (to) death or establish a system of lettres decachet” (p. 360) (such as the English now have established by theircoercion bill in Irld. Dies geschrieben Juni 18 8 1)92 [Gutes Beispiel d.halb verrückte Iwan IV . W hd wüthend gegen Bojaren u. auch gegenrabble in Moskau, sucht er, u. muss er, sich halten als Vertreter d.Bauerninteressen. ]Daggen werden d. “ assertions” des Austin “ seif evident propositions” ,sobld man weiss dass “ in his system the determination of Sovereignty ought toprecede the determination of Law ” , it being once understood that theAustinian conception of Sovereignty has been reached through mentallyuniting all forms of Government in a group by conceiving them to be9Zstripped of every attribute except coercive force” , and (hier zeigt sich wiederder Eselsfuss) when it is steadily born(e) in mind that the deductions froman abstract principle are never from the nature of the case completely exemplifiedin facts.” (362)Weitere Dogmen des Austin: “ Jurisprudence is the science of PositiveLaw. Positive Laws are Commands, addressed by Sovereigns to their33°