the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

opposition vo n Seiten der opposite phratry. D adurch kam action of councilo f each phratry in’s Spiel.6) Früher v o r m odern times had the Senecas “ Medicine118 lodges” ; letztereform ed a prom inent part o f their religious system; to hold a MedicineLodge was to observe their highest religious rites, and to practice theirhighest religious m ysteries; they had 2 such organisations, one in eachphratry; each was a brotherhood into w hich new members w ere admittedby a formal initiation.Unlike the Grecian phratry u. d. Roman curia this Indian phratry had noofficial head; ebenso no religious functionaries belonging to it as distinguished vongens u. tribe.M. betrachtet die 4 “ lineages” o f the Tlascalans w ho occupied the 4 quarterso f the pueblo o f Tlascala, als so many phratries (nicht als so many tribes,w eil sie occupied the same pueblo and spoke the same dialect.) Each “lineage”od. phratry had a distinct military organisation, a peculiar costume u. banner,and its head w ar-chief (Teuctli) w ho was its general military commander.They went forth to battle by phratries. T h e organisation o f a military force byphratries u. by tribes nicht unbekannt d. homerischen Griechen. Nestor sagtSU A.game(m)non: κρΐν' άνδρας κατά φϋλα, κατά φρήτρας, Άγάμεμνον,ώς φρήτρη φρήτρηφιν άρήγη, φυλα δέ φύλοις.119 {Horn. Iliad. II, 362-363.)D . Chocta gentes united in 2 phratries, the first called “ Divided People”,containing 4 gentes; the second “ Beloved People”, contains also 4 gentes.This separation of the people into 2 divisions by gentes created two phratries. - Atribe hat nie weniger als 2 gentes. T h e gens increases in number of its members,divides into 2; these again subdivide, and in time reunite in 2 or morephratries. These phratries form a tribe, and its members speak the samedialect. In course o f time this tribe fa lls into several by process of segmentation,which in turn reunite in a confederacy. Such a confederacy is a growth, throughthe tribe and phratry, from a pair o f gentes.Mohegan Tribe, had 3 original gentes, Wolf, Turtle, Turkey. Each o f thesesubdivided, and the subdivisions became independent gentes, but they retainedthe names o f the original subdivisions o f each gens as their respective phratricnames, alias the subdivisions of each gens reorganised into a phratry. D ies beweistconclusively the natural process, w dch, in course o f time, a gens breaks upinto several, u. diese remain united in a phratric organisation w hich is expressedby assuming a phratric name.Mohegan tribe, originally consisting aus 3 gentes, Wolf, Turtle, Turkey.I) W olf Phratry. 4 gentes. i) Wolf. 2) Bear, f) Dog. 4) Opossum.II) Turtle4 120 gentes. j) L ittle Turtle. 6) Mud Turtle. 7) Great Turtle8) Yellow E e l.111I I I ) Turkey „ 3 gentes. 9) Turkey. 10) Crane. 11) Chicken.Selten unter den Am erican Indian Tribes befand sich plain evidence o f the155