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the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

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auch a modified form o f <strong>the</strong> same fam ily unter den Grecian tribes.Hence, namtlich aber von increased abundance o f subsistence, through fieldagriculture, nations began to develop, zählten vielen iooonds unter onegovernm ent, w o früher nur a few iooonds. Struggle for d. possessionder most desirable territories intensified dch. d. localisation o f tribes in fix edareas, u. in fortified cities, mit d. increase der Volkszahl. A dvancedKriegskunst u. verm ehrte d. rewards o f prowess. D iese changes indicate <strong>the</strong>approach o f civilisation.Ersten Gesetze der Griechen, Römer, Hebräer - nach Beginn der Civilisation -verw andelten chiefly nur in legal enactments <strong>the</strong> results die ihre previousexperience verkörpert hatte in usages and customs.Gegen Ende der Upper Period o f Barbarism Tendenz zu 2 Formen von Ownership,nämlich, durch Staat u. durch Individuen. Lands, unter d. Griechen, stillheld, einige dch d. tribes in common, andre dch d. phratry in common forreligious uses, andre dch die gens in common, aber d. bulk der lands had fallenunder individual ownership in severally. Z u r Z e it Solon's w ar A<strong>the</strong>nian societynoch gentil, lands in general held dch individuals w ho had learnt to mortgage<strong>the</strong>m (P lu t. in Solon c. X V . “ Σεμνύνεται γάρ Σόλων έν τούτοις δτι τής τεπροϋποκειμένης (verpfändeten) γης ορούς [die M arken die d. Schuldner beiHaus od. A ck er setzen musste, w orau f er G eld entlehnt hatte, mit einerSchrift, welche seinen N am en neben der Summe angab]"Ορους ανεΐλε πολλαχή πεπηγότας ·πρόσθ-εν δέ δουλεύουσα, νυν έλευ&έρα.” 79T h e Roman tribes, from <strong>the</strong>ir first establishment, had a public domain, A gerRomanus; w hile lands w ere held b y <strong>the</strong> curia for religious uses, by <strong>the</strong> gens,u. b y individuals in severalty. N achdem diese social corporations ausgestorben,<strong>the</strong> lands held by <strong>the</strong>m in common gradually became private property.D iese several form s o f ownership show dass die älteste land tenure was die incommon dch den tribe; nach Beginn ihrer Cultivation, ein Theil der tribe landsdivided unter d. gentes, jede w o v o n held <strong>the</strong>ir portion in common; diesem folgteim L au f der Z eit allotments to individuals u. diese allotments finally ripened26 into individual ownership in severalty. | Personal property, generally, was subjectto individual ownership.Monogamian fam ily erschien in Upper Status o f barbarism herausentwickeltaus Syndyasmian fam ily, hing intimately zus. mit increase o f property u.usages in respect to its inheritance. Descent changed to <strong>the</strong> male line; aber allesEigenthum, real u. personal, blieb, w ie seit time immemorial, hereditary ingens.Ilias. In der Ilia s (V , 20)80 mentioned fences around cultivated fields. ( I X ,/77) an enclosure o f jo acres (πεντηκοντόγυος), half for vines, remainder fortillage, X I V (121) Tideus lives in a mansion rich in resources, and hadcorn producing fields in abundance.(Morgan irrt sich, w enn er glaubt, d. blosse fencing beweise Privatgrund-134

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