the ethnological notebooks of karl marx - Marxists Internet Archive

and fem ale cousins, are all without distinction m y brothers andsisters, (w ord cousin here used in our sense, the relationshipbeing unknow n in Polynesia.)2t category: M y father and mother, together with their brothers and sisters, andtheir first, second, and more remote cousins are all my parents.$t category: M y grandfathers and grandmothers, on father’s side and m other’sside, w ith their brothers and sisters, and their several cousins,are m y grandparents.4t category: my sons and daughters, with there several cousins, are all mychildren.// category: my grandsons and granddaughters, w ith their several cousins, areall my grandchildren.Ferner: all the individuals o f the same grade or category are brothers and sistersto each other.T h e 5 categories or grades in the Malayan system appears auch in d.“ N ine Grades or relations” o f the Chinese mit 2 additional ancestors u.2 additional descendants.T he w ives o f m y several brothers, ow n and collateral, are my wives as wellas theirs; für d. fem ale, the husbands o f her several sisters, ow n and collateral,are also her husbands.T he several collateral lines are brought into and merged in the lineal line,ascending as w ell as descending; so that the ancestors and descendants o fmy collateral brothers and sisters becom e mine as w ell as theirs.A ll the members o f each grade are reduced to the same level in their relationships,w ithout regard to nearness or remoteness in numerical degrees. A uchbei ändern Polynesian tribes - ausser Hawaiians u. Rotum ans - dies System ;so unter den Marquesas Islanders u. d. M aoris of New Zealand; den Samoans,Kusaiens, K ing's M ill Islanders o f Micronesia; zw eifellos in every inhabitantisland o f Pacific except where it verges upon the Turanian.System based auf: intermarriage %wischen own brothers and sisters, and graduallyenfolding the collateral brothers and sisters as the range o f the conjugal systemwidened. In dieser consanguine fam ily the husbands lived in polygyny u. d.wives in polyandry. It w ould be difficult to show any other possible beginningo f the fam ily in the prim itive period. A ll traces o f it had not disappearedam ong the Hawaiians at the epoch o f their discovery —T he system also founded upon the intermarriage o f own and collateral brothers8 and sisters in a group. | T he husband in diesem Sinn weiss nicht ob diesod. jenes K in d sein eignes Fabrikat; es ist sein Kind, weil d. K in d einerseiner Frauen, die er mit seinen brothers, ow n od. collateral gem ein hat.D ie Frau kann daggen ihre K inder von denen ihrer sisters unterscheiden;sie wäre ihre step-mother; diese “ Categorie” existirt aber nicht im System ;ihrer Schwesters K inder also ihre K inder. D ie Kinder dieser gemeinsamenAhnen könnten sich zw ar von mütterlicher Seite unterscheiden, abernicht vo n väterlicher: sind daher alle Geschwister.107